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Weather Flashcards

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1
Q

Every physical process of weather is the result of —-

A

Heat exchange

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2
Q

What causes differences in pressure and altimeter settings?

A

Unequal heating of the earths surface

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3
Q

What is the Coriolis force?

A

Deflects winds to the right in the Northern Hemisphere

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4
Q

Wind at 5000 agl is southwest while surface wind is south. This difference in direction is primarily due to—

A

Friction between the wind and the surface

( the Coriolis force at the surface is weaker than at higher altitudes)

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5
Q

A front is a —— separating …

A

Boundary

High pressure from low pressure

(The 2 air masses have different density)

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6
Q

There is always a ——- when flying across a front, but the most recognizable change is —-

A

Change in wind direction

Change in temperature

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7
Q

3 stages of a thunderstorm:

A

Cumulus -building
Mature- the beginning of rain
Dissipating- rains itself out

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8
Q

The greatest intensity of up/down drafts during a thunderstorm is

A

During the mature stage.

(The falling rain or hail creates strong downdrafts that spread out along the surface as cool gusty air)

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9
Q

Thunderstorms are produced by —- clouds

A

Cumulonimbus clouds

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10
Q

Under the anvil of a thunderstorm is usually …

A

Extreme Clear air turbulence
and hail

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11
Q

What is a squall line?

A

Non frontal
Band of thunderstorms
Ahead of a cold front

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12
Q

A thunderstorm by definition has —-

A

Lightening

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13
Q

What is structural icing

A

Ice that quickly coats the airplane surface

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14
Q

2 conditions required for structural icing:

A

1- visible moisture
2- temp at or below freezing

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15
Q

What causes the greatest accumulation of structural icing?

A

Freezing rain

(Freezing rain is super cooled water droplet that has not yet frozen. It freezes when in contact with a surface (wing) temp of 0c or below)

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16
Q

As freezing rain droplets at high altitudes begin to freeze,
they fall as what?

A

They fall as ice pellets

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17
Q

What kind of clouds are usually found on the leeward side of mountains?

A

Lenticular

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18
Q

2 aspects about Lenticular clouds …

A

They appear stationary
May contain wind 50 kts or more

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19
Q

Wind blowing ACROSS a mountain ridge usually produce

A

Mountain wave turbulence

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20
Q

3 times to expect wind sheer:

A

1- low level temp inversion
2- along frontal zones
3- clear air turbulence

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21
Q

When temp/dew point are within 5 degrees F, expect

A

Fog

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22
Q

Define dew point

A

The temp at which the air has 100% humidity

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23
Q

What determines how much water vapor can be held by the air?

A

Temperature

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24
Q

When does frost occur?

Study These Flashcards
A

When the collecting surface temp is at or below dew point and dew point is below freezing

25
The direct conversion of water vapor to ice crystals (frost) is referred to as
Deposition
26
Water vapor becomes fog, clouds, or dew when
The water condenses
27
What is evaporation?
Process of converting liquid to vapor
28
What is sublimation?
Process of directly converting solid (like dry ice) to vapor
29
2 processes that add moisture to the air
Evaporation Sublimation
30
What type of fog might occur during periods of clear sky, no wind, small temp/dew point spread
Radiation fog
31
What type of fog might occur as warm moist air moves over colder surface?
Advection fog Warm moving over cold = Advection
32
Cold air moving over warm water might produce what kind of fog?
Steam Fog
33
Warm rain falling through colder air produces what kind of fog?
Precipitation fog
34
Upsloping fog is produced when
Warm moist air is cooled as it is pushed up sloping terrain
35
The greatest turbulence is in —- clouds
Cumulonimbus
36
Stable air characteristics
Straight layered clouds Smooth air Poor visibility Continuous rain Cool/dry air
37
Unstable air characteristics
Vertical clouds (Cumuliform) Rough air Good vis Scattered showers Warm/humid air
38
Turbulence and clouds with extensive vertical development result when…
Unstable air rises
39
As a warm front approaches, (i.e. warm air cooled from cooler air below ) weather prior to frontal passage results in…
Stable air Stratified (straight) clouds No turbulence
40
What type weather conditions usually found beneath low-level temp inversion
Smooth air Poor visibility
41
3 types of FSS weather briefings:
1- outlook- 6 hrs or more before flight 2- standard- before 3- abbreviated- to update a previous briefing
42
METAR- provide weather for what area?
Airfield and 5 mi radius
43
METAR- when issued
about 55 min past every hour
44
Wind reports are given in which: (true, magnetic,)
True
45
AWOS (automated weather observing system) updated when?
Once per minute
46
ASOS (automated surface observing system) is updated how often?
Hourly and is monitored by ATC
47
TAF (terminal airport forecast) is a forecast for what area?
Airport and 5 mi radius
48
How often is a TAF issued?
Every 6 hours (00z, 06z, 12z, 18z)
49
Inflight weather can be obtained on what frequency?
122.2
50
In a wind aloft forecast, if the wind speed is coded “9900” that means….
Winds are light and variable
51
In a winds aloft forecast, if the wind speed is over 100 kts, how does one decode? Example: “730649”
Subtract 50 from the first two #’s. to get direction Add 100 to the next 2 #’s to get speed. The last 2 #’s tell temp. Ever temp above 24,000 is negative. In the example, (73-50) = 230* (100 + 06 = 106 kts
52
SIGMET’S are for
All aircraft to inform of CAT and/or severe icing not associated with thunderstorms
53
CONVECTIVE SIGMET’S include
Thunderstorm, embedded thunderstorms, Hail
54
For aviation purposes, a ceiling refers to …
The lowest BROKEN layer of clouds
55
Radar weather reports are of special interest to pilots because they indicate…
Location of precipitation and type, Intensity , And cell movement of precip
56
Significant Weather Prognostic charts are best used for…
Determining areas to avoid ( freezing levels and turbulence)
57
What weather conditions define MVFR?
Ceiling: between 1-3 thousand Vis: between 3-5 statute mi
58
What weather conditions define VFR
Ceiling > 3,000 agl Vis > 5 statute mi
59
METAR and TAF reports cloud ceilings as (agl or msl)?
AGL

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