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Weather Flashcards

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1
Q

General features of a low in N hemisphere

A
  • Wind direction CC relative to center
  • lower pressure than surroundings
  • rising air with dry&wet adiabatic cooling
  • clouds form
  • bad weather (precip)
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2
Q

Pressure Systems at
- 60N
- Equator
- North Pole
- 30N

A
  • low
  • low
  • high
  • high
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3
Q

Prevailing wind direction between
A. Equator and 30N
B. 30N and 60N
C. 60N and North Pole

A

A. NE
B. SW
C. NE

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4
Q

Which cloud type
A. In unstable maritime polar airflow
B. In stable maritime tropical airflow

A

A. Cumulus
B. Stratus

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5
Q

Define warm/cold front

A

Warm: Leading edge of a warm air mass. Warm air replaces cold air

Cold: vice versa

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6
Q

Cloud type & precip until warm front passes

A

Stratiform & continuous precip

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7
Q

VIS, ceiling, air pressure before warm front

A

Sinking VIS, ceiling and air pressure

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8
Q

Turbulence, icing and temp change at warm front

A

Light turbulence, rime ice, increasing temp

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9
Q

Conditions at warm front with exceptional unstable conditions

A

Cumulus embedded in stratus, showers

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10
Q

Where is the warm sector in a low and which air mass contacts the ground there?

A

Between warm & cold front, warm air mass contacts ground

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11
Q

Which amount of clouds, precip and VIS in warm sector?

A

Broken clouds, temp precip, moderate VIS

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12
Q

Type of stability for cold front
A. Type I
B. Type II

A

A. Unstable
B. Stable

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13
Q

Turbulence, temp change and pressure change at cold front type I

A

Moderate - severe turbulence, sinking temp, rising pressure

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14
Q

Clouds, VIS, phenomena and icing at Cold front type I

A

Cu, TCU, CB; low VIS in precip, else good; clear ice; showers, thunderstorms, hail

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15
Q

Clouds, VIS, phenomena and icing in cold front type II

A

NS, AS; low VIS; mixed&rime; continuous precip

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16
Q

Name of the area behind cold front
Precip, cloud type, icing, turbulence and VIS

A

Rear side
ISOL showers, cumuliform, clear ice, moderate turbulence, outside precip great VIS

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17
Q

Explain the formation of an occlusion

A

Cold front catches up with warm front, warm air mass is lifted off the ground

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18
Q

Weather conditions at occlusion

A

Warm & cold front conditions, very bad and severe weather

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19
Q

Where do you expect a squall line?

A

In front of/parallel to a cold front, in the warm sector

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20
Q

Cloud type, phenomena and wind at squall line

A

CB, Cu, TCU; showers, hail, TS, gusty wind

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21
Q

Sequence of cold front, rear side, warm front, warm sector

A

Warm front, warm sector, cold front, rear side

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22
Q
A

A unstable & decreasing temp
B unstable & decreasing temp
C no temp change
D increasing temp
E stable

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23
Q

Moderate icing
Thrust, lift, drag, weight

A

Thrust decrease
Lift decrease
Drag increase
Weight increase

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24
Q

Effect of icing on
A. Rotors & engine
B. Moveable parts

A

A. Vibration and damage
B. Makes them stuck

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25
Temp range of icing in clouds
0C to -20C
26
Within which kind of clouds do you expect severe icing?
Young TCU, cumuli at a front, CB, upsloping clouds at windward side of a mountain
27
Which type of ice A. Cu at -5C B. TCU at -15C C. AS at -11C D. FZRA E. NS at -25C
A. Clear B. Rime C. Rime D. Clear E. None
28
Which type of ice A. CB at -8C B. AC at -15C C. CS at -30C D. +FZDZ E. NS at -5C
A. Clear B. Rime C. None D. Clear E. Rime
29
Explain frost
Ice crystals formed by sublimation
30
Clouds at 8,000‘ with precip. Temp near surface is negative, between 1,000‘ and 2,000‘ positive air temp. Which hazard can be expected during final?
FZRA
31
Temp near surface is -4C, aloft overcast AS with rain Hazard near surface?
FZRA
32
d
33
What is necessary for the formation of a TS?
Lifting action, unstable atmosphere, high humidity
34
TSRA and obscured sky. Which cloud?
CB
35
Where do A. Air mass TS occur B. Frontal TS occur
A. Isolated within air mass B. Long fronts
36
Which type of air mass TS is caused by A. Thermal lifting/ converging airflow B. Me mechanical lifting over mountains
A. Convective TS B. Orographic TS
37
8 TS hazards
- lightning - hail - gusts - severe turbulence & icing - rapid reduction of VIS & ceiling - Altimeter/ radar/ radio errors
38
Sunny June day, moist and unstable atmosphere. Hazard developing in afternoon?
Convective TS
39
Moist and unstable airflow. Hazard over Black Forest?
Orographic TS
40
When penetrating a TS, in which level greatest risk of A. Icing B. Lightning strikes
A. Between freezing level and -10C B. Freezing level +- 5,000‘
41
Why is hail a hazard?
Damage, low VIS, danger to ground operations
42
In which cloud is hail likely?
CB
43
What is the cause of A. Convective turbulence B. Mechanical turbulence
A. Heating from below B. Obstructions, strong wind near the ground
44
High air temp on final approach Which hazard?
Convective turbulence
45
Wind 250/20G34 Hazard on low level flight?
Mechanical turbulence
46
Hazard during strong airflow over Harz mountains
Mountain wave
47
Over Alps 190/80G102 Where severe turbulence?
Above and North of the Alps
48
Side of mountain where mountain waves can be expected and which hazard
Leeward side Severe turbulence
49
What is wind shear, where does it occur and which hazard?
Sudden difference in wind direction or speed In fronts or inversions Causes turbulence
50
Crossing cold front below clouds, no hail and no TS Which phenomenon is likely?
Wind shear
51
What and where is a microburst?
Sudden downdraft below/in the vicinity of a TS
52
Circumstances to submit PIREP
1. Weather is considerably different than forecasted 2. Unusual weather phenomena 3. Missed approach due to weather
53
Define isobars
Lines connecting places of equal pressure
54
A. 220/moderate to strong, stratiform, continuous precip B. Fine day and night, risk of radiation fog forming in the night
55
How long is the forecast period?
ETD - ETA+1h
56
Two parts required in weather brief
Written and oral form
57
Void after
Time until T/O had to be executed, else forecast is invalid, max 3h(+2h extension) prior to T/O
58
Under which circumstances are sunrise/set times in the route forecast?
T/O or landing is planned +-1h around Sunrise/set
59
Difference between solid and dotted lines in area weather
Solid: border between different prevailing conditions Dotted: border between different minimal conditions
60
A. Hills > 2,000‘ MSL obscured B. Valleys < 2,000 MSL locally obscured
61
Meteorological factors effecting night illumination
Clouds, precip, ground conditions
62
Define civil twilight
Time after sunset/ before sunrise when the sun is 6deg below the horizon
63
When is ˋdark nightˋ
Sun is at least 16deg below the horizon
64
Explain moon brightness
Brightness of the horizontal ground caused by moonlight
65
Limiting NVG range
1,5 km
66
Effect of snowfall on NVG
Strong deterioration
67
Effects of dense mist on NVG
Strong deportation
68
A. 19 mlx B. 70 mlx C. 200 mlx

Europäisierung (4 decks)

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