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geography > weather and climate > Flashcards

weather and climate Flashcards

(57 cards)

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1
Q

weather

A

the day to day conditions of the atmosphere

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2
Q

climate

A

the average weather conditions of an area occurring over many years

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3
Q

global atmosphere

A

the worldwide movement of air which transports heat from tropical to polar latitudes

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4
Q

hemisphere

A

a half of the earth

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5
Q

troposphere

A

lowest layer of the atmosphere

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6
Q

trade wind

A

wind that blows from tropics towards the equator

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7
Q

northern hemisphere

A

the half of the earth above the equator

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8
Q

southern hemisphere

A

the half of the earth below the equator

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9
Q

what does warm air do ?

A

rises and condenses into clouds and creates low pressure

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10
Q

what does cold air do ?

A

sinks and creates high pressure

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11
Q

difference in temperature causes …

A

differences in air pressure

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12
Q

how is heat energy transferred away from equator?

A

wind blows from areas of high pressure to areas of low pressure

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13
Q

what weather does high pressure cause

A

dry and sunny

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14
Q

what weather does low pressure cause

A

cloudy

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15
Q

how does the earth heat

A

sun releases light energy

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16
Q

equator

A

hottest line of latitude
where sun rays are most concentrated

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17
Q

north and south pole

A

coldest lines of latitude
where sun rays are least concentrated as there is a low angle of sunlight

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18
Q

what are the 3 cells

A

hadley
polar
ferrel

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19
Q

ocean currents

A

large scale movements of water that transfer heat energy from warmer to cooler regions

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20
Q

surface currents

A

currents causes by winds to transfer heat away from equator

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21
Q

ITCZ stands for …

A

inter-tropical coverage zone

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22
Q

why does position of ITCZ change

A

to create seasons

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23
Q

what creates wind

Study These Flashcards
A

air moves from areas of thigh pressure to low pressure

24
Q

where are subtropical jets

Study These Flashcards
A

i between Hadley and ferrel cell

25
where are polar jets
in between ferrel and polar cell
26
where is ITCZ
in between 2 hadley cells
27
jet stream
fast moving air current that travels west to east in upper atmosphere
28
what causes unsettled weather
warm moist air of ferrel cell meets dry air of polar cell
29
anti-clockwise
ocean currents in southern hemisphere
30
clockwise
ocean currents in northern hemisphere
31
climate change
large scale,long term shift in the planets weather patterns or average temp
32
evidence for natural climate change (4)
ice cores tree rings historical sources pollen records
33
ice cores
ice sheets(layers of ice)formed each year scientists drill to get long cores of ice bubbles in layers show amount of co2 more co2 = warmer period
34
tree rings
tree grows new ring each year rings are thicker in warm,wet conditions scientists count rings to find age of tree
35
pollen records
pollen gets preserved in sediment in lakes or peat bogs scientists date pollen which shows species living at that time species show conditions of the time
36
historical sources
daily weather reports since 1973 diaries,paintings,books paintings of fairs and markets on frozen rivers
37
natural causes of climate change (3)
Milankovitch cycles solar variation and sunspots volcanic activity
38
milankovitch cycles
precession eccentricity axial tilt
39
precession
earth wobbling on its axis
40
eccentricity
the orbit of the earth changes over time
41
axial tilt
earth is tilted to create seasons
42
solar variation and sunspots
amount of radiation the sun provides varies over time
43
volcanism
larger volacnic eruptions eject a lot of ash and dust into atmosphere can partially block out solar radiation reduces temp
44
human causes of climate change
industry farming energy transport
45
industry
industrial waste ends up in landfill and decays releasing methane cement production releases co2 population growth =more
46
farming
rice paddies and cows release methane clearing land of trees for agriculture (trees absorb co2) population growth = bigger demand
47
transport
most vehicles run on fossil fuels which release greenhouse gases when burnt car ownership rapidly increasing in emerging countries
48
energy
co2 released when fossil fuels like coal and oil are burned
49
3 greenhouse gases
water vapour carbon dioxide methane
50
green house gas
gas that traps heat in the atmosphere
51
green house effect
important for humans beacuse it traps suns heat in our atmosphere to keep us warm
52
enhanced greenhouse effect
human activity increases greenhouse gases released into atmosphere traps too much heat causing global warming
53
global warming
warming of earth responsible for climate change
54
effects of climate change
retreating glaciers rising sea levels changing patters of crop yeild
55
rising sea levels
rising temps melt ice + thermal expansion rises sea levels increases rate of coastal erosion+floods
56
retreating glaciers
glacier=slow moving rivers of ice rising temperatures melt them used in places in nepal for watering crops with underground sources
57
changing patterns of crop yields
warmer temps=more frequent droughts lower crop yields=food shortages/malnutrition + starvation

geography (5 decks)

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