Weathering

Question 1

Processes that occur within the surface of the earth such as weathering, erosion, volcanism, deposition, and mass wasting

Answer 1

Exogenic Processes

Question 2

physical breakdown and chemical alteration of rocks and minerals at or near the earth’s surface

Answer 2

Weathering

Question 3

agents of weathering

Answer 3

water, ice, acids, salt, plants, animals, temperature

Question 4

types of weathering

Answer 4

mechanical, chemical, and biological

Question 5

physical breakdown of a material without altering its chemical composition

Answer 5

mechanical weathering

Question 6

when water accumulates in the crack and the ice freezes and breaks the rock apart

Answer 6

frost wedging

Question 7

breakdown of rocks caused by impact and friction

Answer 7

abrasion

Question 8

rocks have been shaped by blowing wind and sand

Answer 8

wind abrasion

Question 9

water breaks into pieces from tumbling rocks

Answer 9

water abrasion

Question 10

a process in which large flat or curved sheets of rock fracture and are detached from the outcrop due to pressure release

Answer 10

exfoliation

Question 11

roots grow causing penetration into the crack, and break the rock

Answer 11

organic activity

Question 12

human construction, mining, agricultural deforestation activities

Answer 12

biological activity

Question 13

occurs in specific minerals which are dissolved in water. ex. Halite (NaCl) and Calcite (CaCO3). the formation of stalactites and stalagmites in caves are brought about by this chemical reaction

Answer 13

dissolution

Question 14

rock-forming minerals like amphibole, pyroxene, and feldspar react with water and form different kinds of clay minerals

Answer 14

hydrolysis

Question 15

causes rock to rust, or break down its layers

Answer 15

oxidation

Question 16

factors of weathering

Answer 16

R - rock type
R - rock structure
T - topography
T - time
C - climate

Question 17

moving broken material

Answer 17

erosion

Question 18

material deposited in a new spot

Answer 18

deposition

Question 19

wind, rain, and freezing break up rock

Answer 19

weathering

Question 20

the movement of rocks and sediment from one place to another

Answer 20

erosion

Question 21

agents of erosion

Answer 21

water, wind, ice, gravity

Question 22

the wind picks up small pieces of rock fragments and carries them along until they reach an obstacle

Answer 22

wind erosion

Question 23

a large body of moving ice that is caused by erosion

Answer 23

glacier

Question 24

when a pile of rock falls down the side of the mountain as a single block

Answer 24

landslide

Question 25

the cause of mountain peaks, valleys, and coastlines

Answer 25

erosion

Question 26

when the water stops moving, when the wind stops blowing, when the glacier melts, when the rock has been dropped in a new location

Answer 26

deposition

Question 27

when a river meets the ocean

Answer 27

mouth of the river

Question 28

the land formed after soil gets carried by a river that is deposited at the mouth.

Answer 28

delta - water deposition

Question 29

large deposits of sand caused by deposition that also shifts frequently

Answer 29

sand dunes

Question 30

rocks and soil left behind by a melting glacier

Answer 30

moraine

Question 31

downhill movement of earth's material caused by gravity

Answer 31

mass wasting

Question 32

most destructive. rock/soil slides quickly down steep slope

Answer 32

landslide

Question 33

rapid movement of water, rock, soil

Answer 33

mudflow

Question 34

a wedge of soil falling rather than a rock

Answer 34

slump

Question 35

slow movement of soil down a slope

Answer 35

creep

Question 36

contribute to mechanical weathering and describes all downhill movements of weathering material (also known as a landslide)

Answer 36

mass wasting

Question 37

slope stability is determined by:

Answer 37

slope angle and strength of the underlying material

Question 38

fs

Answer 38

the shear or driving force

Question 39

fn

Answer 39

normal or resisting force

Question 40

the relationship between fs and fn is called

Answer 40

shear strength

Question 41

types of mass wasting

Answer 41

falls, rotational slides, translational, flows, and soil creep

Question 42

abrupt rock movement that DETACH from cliffs (rolling, bouncing)

Answer 42

falls

Question 43

SLOW MOVEMENT along a RUPTURED SURFACE

Answer 43

rotational slides

Question 44

RAPID MOVEMENT along a STABLE UNDERLYING MATERIAL (rock slides, debris slides, earth slides)

Answer 44

Translational

Question 45

loose material mixed with abundant water (debris & earth)

Answer 45

flows

Question 46

very very slow adjustment of soil and rocks that is hard to notice

Answer 46

soil creep