week 04

Question 1

what does A.S.T.H.M.A stand for

Answer 1

• A: adrenergic (beta 2 agonists, albuterol)
• S:steroids
• T: theophylline
• H: hydration (IV)
• M: mask (O2)
• A: anticholinergics

Question 2

what are some bronchodilators

Answer 2

• SASB/LABA
• anticholinergics
• theophylline (narrow therapeutic range)

Question 3

what do diuretics do and how

Answer 3

• treat lung conditions that involve fluid buildup
• work by decreasing pressure in the lungs caused by excess fluid in the heart and lungs and making it easier to breath

Question 4

what are some examples of diuretics

Answer 4

lasix, bumex

Question 5

what does antitussive medications do

Answer 5

reduces or suppresses coughing by inhibiting the cough reflex

Question 6

what are some examples of antitussives

Answer 6

dextromethorphan, codeine, benzonatate

Question 7

what does expectorants do

Answer 7

clears mucus from the airways by increasing the water content to make it less sticky and make your cough more productive

Question 8

example of an expectorant

Answer 8

guaifenesin

Question 9

what does antihistamines do

Answer 9

block histamine response

Question 10

examples of 1st generation antihistamines

Answer 10

• Benadryl, chlo-trimeton

Question 11

examples of 2nd generation antihistamines

Answer 11

Zyrtec, Claritin, allegra

Question 12

which generation of antihistamine causes drowsiness

Answer 12

1st generation

Question 13

what does short acting beta 2 agonists (SABAs) do, example

Answer 13

provide quick relief from acute asthma symptoms
ventolin

Question 14

what does long acting beta 2 agonist (LABAs) do, example

Answer 14

used for long term control and maintenance
salmeterol

Question 15

what does anticholinergics do, examples

Answer 15

help prevent the muscles around the airways from tightening
spiriva, atrovent

Question 16

what does methylxanthines do, example

Answer 16

less commonly used but can help relax he muscles around the airways
theophylline

Question 17

chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) pathophysiology

Answer 17

irreversible ling and airway damage that obstructs your airway and makes it harder to breath

Question 18

if you are diagnosed with emphysema or chronic bronchitis what is that equivalent to

Answer 18

COPD

Question 19

what happens to fingers and toes with COPD patients

Answer 19

clubbing

Question 20

doing what with your lips can make breathing easier with COPD

Answer 20

pursing your likes like you’re blowing a kiss while breathing

Question 21

blue bloater describes what condition

Answer 21

chronic bronchitis

Question 22

pink puffer describes what condition

Answer 22

emphysema

Question 23

chronic bronchitis symptoms

Answer 23

• chronic productive cough
• purulent sputum
• hemoptysis (d/t hypoxemia)
• peripheral edema (d/t cor pulmonale)
• crackles, wheezing
• prolonged expiration
• obese

Question 24

chronic bronchitis complications

Answer 24

• secondary polycythemia vera d/t hypoxemia
• pulmonary hypertension d/t reactive vasoconstriction from hypoxemia
• cor pulmonale from chronic pulmonary hypertension

Question 25

emphysema symptoms

Answer 25

- dyspnea - minimal cough - increased minute ventilation - pink skin, pursed lip breathing - accessory muscle use - cachexia - hyperinflation, barrel chest - decreased breathing sounds - tachycardia

Question 26

emphysema complications

Answer 26

- pneumothorax due to bullae - weight loss d/t work of breathing

Question 27

what happens to alveoli with emphysema

Answer 27

destroyed

Question 28

what is coronary pulmonale

Answer 28

right sided heart failure d/t high blood pressure in the pulmonary arteries caused from chronic lung disease

Question 29

causes of cor pumlonale

Answer 29

COPD, PE, pulmonary fibrosis, cystic fibrosis, OSA

Question 30

what medication is the first line of treatment for cor pumlonale

Answer 30

endothelin receptor antagonist (Bosentan)

Question 31

endothelin receptor antagonist adverse effects

Answer 31

liver damage, pain or tenderness in upper stomach, pale stool, dark urine, loss of appetite, n/v, yellowing of skin or eyes

Question 32

what medication has special instructions to treat certain kinds of pulmonary hypertension

Answer 32

prostacyclin agonist (Treprostinil)

Question 33

when and how often should you take prostacyclin agonists

Answer 33

when you wake up and no more than every 4 hours

Question 34

prostacyclin agonist adverse effects

Answer 34

SOA, fainting, dizziness, diarrhea, flushing

Question 35

what does PDE-5 medications (sildenafil, tadalafil, avanafil) do

Answer 35

relaxes blood vessels in the lungs to allow blood to flow easily, also treats ED

Question 36

how often can you take PDE-5 medications

Answer 36

no more than once a day

Question 37

what can you NOT eat while taking PDE-5 medications

Answer 37

grapefruit/juice

Question 38

PDE-5 medication adverse effects

Answer 38

headache, flushing, dyspesia, abnormal vision, nasal congestion, back pain, nausea, dizziness, rash

Question 39

PDE-5 medications end in what suffix

Answer 39

fil

Question 40

what does calcium channel blockers do

Answer 40

treat conditions of the heart and blood vessels such as hypertension, angina, some abnormal heart rhythms, and raynaud's phenomenon

Question 41

calcium channel blocker adverse effects

Answer 41

ankle swelling, flushing, palpations, constipation, dizziness, fatigue

Question 42

examples of calcium channel blockers

Answer 42

- amlodipine (norvasc) - diltiazem (cardizem) - felodipine - nicardipine - nisoldipine (sular) - verapamil (verelan)

Question 43

cystic fibrosis pathophysiology

Answer 43

caused by mutations in the CFTR gene which affects the movement of salt and water out of the cell

Question 44

what happens to the skin with cystic fibrosis

Answer 44

salty taste

Question 45

laryngeal cancer pathophysiology

Answer 45

squamous cell carcinoma (SSC), genetic mutations, dysplasia (abnormal cells develop in the lining of the larynx), invasion (cancer cells invade surrounding tissues), metastasis, lymphatic spread to distant organs

Question 46

symptoms of laryngeal cancer

Answer 46

depends on location, referred ear pain, late signs, difficult or painful swallowing, dyspnea, noisy breathing, severe hoarseness, hemoptysis, mass or growth on the neck