Week 1

Question 1

define critical reflection

Answer 1

• process by which adults identify the assumptions governing their actions, locate the historical & cultural origins of these assumptions, question the meaning of them, and develop alternative ways of thinking

Question 2

what are the 3 levels of reflection

Answer 2

1. content
2. process
3. premise

Question 3

what is content reflection

Answer 3

• the “what”
• used when we encounter a new situation and need to understand the difference between it & what they previously knew or understoof

Question 4

what is process reflection

Answer 4

• the how
• occurs when the practitioner perceives their current knowledge, abilities, or skills as insufficient to guide decision-making and action
• motivates the person to acquire new knowledge & skills
• fundamental to life-long learning & profession growth

Question 5

what is premise reflection

Answer 5

• the why

- includes deconstructing practice situation to unconver assumptions, social constructions, power-relations

Question 6

what are the 4 attributes of critical reflection

Answer 6

• perceive
• analysis
• reconstruct
• deconstruct

Question 7

what is perception r/t critical reflection

Answer 7

• taking note of a critical incident

- reveals gap in knowledge, between theory & practice, etc.

Question 8

what is analysis r/t critical reflection

Answer 8

• conducting a intellectual analysis of the situation to identify
  1. root causes
  2. appropruate actions

Question 9

what is reconstruction

Answer 9

• content or process reflection
  involves:
  1. identifying needed changes to current knowledge, skills, attitudes
  2. making these changes to support professional growth & life-long learning

Question 10

when does reconstruction occur

Answer 10

• post-event

Question 11

what is deconstruction

Answer 11

involves:

• acknowledging & challenging the construction of knowledge & poiwer
• analyzing the role these play in creating normative assumptions
• engaging in strategies that de-stabilize these forces to empower clients & create social change

Question 12

what is positivism

Answer 12

• system rooted deeply in science
• states that there is a singular reality (one way to understand the phenomenom) and objective truth with no subjectivity
• states that knowledge comes from logic
• focuses on quantitive research
• and maintains objectivity thru rigid control of processes & neutral tools to faciliate accuracy and precisness

Question 13

what is constructivism

Answer 13

• system rooted closely with constructions
• states that knowledge comes from human experience
• states that there is multiple realities and subjective truths
• uses qualitative research where the researcher is the instrument

Question 14

define social construction

Answer 14

• the theory that what we accept as truth & reality is influenced by the social structures around us, and our social interactions & our interpretations of those interactions
• many aspects of the world exist only bc of social agreement of them

Question 15

what does social construction help shape

Answer 15

• beliefs
• values
• perceptions
• how we few others

Question 16

what are the 2 types of social construction

Answer 16

• weak

- strong

Question 17

what is weak construction

Answer 17

• social constructs based off brute facts

Question 18

what is strong construction

Answer 18

• states that all knowledge is a social construct
• no facts just exist
• explains reality thru the thoughts of humans

Question 19

reconstruction relates to what 2 types of reflection

Answer 19

• content (what)

- process (how)

Question 20

deconstruction relates to what type of reflection

Answer 20

• premise (why)

Question 21

define privilege

Answer 21

• socially constructed advantages granted to one person, or group of people

Question 22

when does deconstruction occur

Answer 22

• in the moment

Question 23

list 5 examples of privilege

Answer 23

• white
• male
• heterosexual
• ableist
• socio-economic

Question 24

what are the 4 models of disability

Answer 24

• medical
• minority
• social
• structural

Question 25

what is the medical model of disability

Answer 25

- states that functional impairments are the impediment & should work at correcting

Question 26

what is the minority model of disability

Answer 26

- sees the lack of equal rights between able & disabled persons as the impediment, which we should work at correcting

Question 27

what is the structural model of disability

Answer 27

- sees the enviro as the impediment, which we should work at correcting - society is built to be accessible to able bodied people bc they largely shape society

Question 28

what is the social model of disability

Answer 28

- states that societal barriers are the primary impediment to individuals w disability - states that disability is imposed on top of the impairment by systemic isolation and exclusion from full participation

Question 29

what are some sources of diversity

Answer 29

- age - sexual orientation - socioecnomoics - family - race - culture - education - life experiences

Question 30

how do nurses maintain cultural competency

Answer 30

- cultural desire - self awareness - knowledge - skills - conduct cultural assessment

Question 31

what is meant by cultural desire

Answer 31

- the want/desire to learn about other cultures

Question 32

what is meant by self-awareness

Answer 32

- think critically about assumptions, stereotypes, or biases you hold

Question 33

what is meant by knowledge r/t cultural competency

Answer 33

- exposing yourself as often as possible to different cultures thru visits, convo, literature with people of broad cultural backgrounds

Question 34

what is meant by skills r/t cultural competency

Answer 34

- adopting culturally appropriate communication | - show respect & empathy to build a therapeutic alliance

Question 35

what is meant by cultural assessment r/t cultural competency

Answer 35

- ask questions to ascertain the pt's cultural viewpoints to illness & care

Question 36

define heterosexism

Answer 36

- view of heterosexuality being the only correct orientation

Question 37

what are the 3 forms of racism

Answer 37

- institutionalized - personally-mediated - internalized

Question 38

what is institutionalized racism

Answer 38

- how racism is embedded in instiutions of practice, law, and government inaction

Question 39

what is personally-mediated racism

Answer 39

- prejudice & discrimination | - manifests as lack of respect, suspicion, devaluation, scapegoating, and de-humanization

Question 40

what is internalized racism

Answer 40

- when those who are stigmatized accept the messages about their abilities and lack of worth - leading to resignation, helplessness, and lack of hope

Question 41

what are 5 ways racism harms health

Answer 41

- economic deprivation - social deprivation - socially inflicted trauma (mental, physical, social) - inadequate or degrading medical care - degradation of ecosystem