Week 1 Flashcards
(20 cards)
Carbohydrates are broken down into __________ that can be absorbed by the mucosa.
Select one:
a. fatty acids, monoglycerides and cholesterol
b. fructose, galactose and glucose
c. amino acids and small peptides
d. nucleotides, sugars and phosphates
b
Peristaltic waves are:
Select one:
a. segmental regions of the gastrointestinal tract.
b. pendular movements of the gastrointestinal tract.
c. churning movements of the gastrointestinal tract.
d. waves of muscular contractions that propel contents from one part of the digestive tract to another.
d
In the large intestine segmentation is aided by the formation of __________ that are created by _________.
Select one:
a. haustra; teniae coli
b. mixing pouches; oblique muscles
c. circular folds; circular muscles
d. villi; lamina propria
a
In the small intestine, which of the following helps to increase surface area to improve digestion and absorption?
Select one:
a. Villi
b. Microvilli
c. Circular folds
d. All of the above
d
Which of the following cell types synthesise Gastrin?
Select one:
a. G cells
b. mucous cells
c. parietal cells
d. chief cells
a
Pepsinogen, a digestive enzyme, is secreted by the:
Select one:
a. parietal cells of the duodenum.
b. goblet cells of the small intestine.
c. G cells of the pylorus.
d. chief cells of the stomach.
d
Chief cells:
Select one:
a. produce pepsinogen.
b. are present in the small intestine.
c. produce mucous.
d. produce HCl.
a
Which of the following enzymes is specific for proteins?
Select one:
a. Lipase
b. Amylase
c. Peptidase
d. Disaccharidase
c
The chemical breakdown of food is called:
Select one:
a. secretion
b. digestion
c. ingestion
d. absorption
b
Which of the following is FALSE regarding saliva?
Select one:
a. It contains enzymes that begin the breakdown of proteins.
b. It cleanses the mouth and teeth.
c. It dissolves food chemicals so they can be tasted.
d. It helps moistens and lubricates food to allow for easier swallowing.
a
Sodium is an important mineral that is required for normal body functions. Choose the function(s) that is/are aided by sodium.
Select one:
a. Glucose uptake into the bodies cells.
b. Neural signalling associated with an action potential.
c. Blood pressure control.
d. Stimulation of red blood cell production.
e. All of the above.
f. B and C are correct.
e
When blood glucose levels rise
Select one:
a. insulin is released from the pancreatic beta cells.
b. peripheral cells take up less glucose.
c. protein synthesis in the liver decreases.
d. glucagon is released from the pancreatic alpha cells.
a
Anabolism includes reactions in which:
Select one:
a. ketone bodies are formed.
b. structural proteins are used as a potential energy source.
c. carbohydrate utilization increases.
d. larger molecules or structures are built from smaller ones.
q
Cholesterol, while it is not an energy molecule, has importance in the body because:
Select one:
a. it helps provide essential nutrients to the brain and lungs.
b. it helps mobilize fats during periods of starvation.
c. it enters the glycolytic pathway without being altered.
d. it is a stabilizing component of the plasma membranes and is the parent molecule of steroid hormones.
a
Which of the following is FALSE regarding sucrose?
Select one:
a. Sucrose is a disaccharide molecule.
b. Sucrose is made of a glucose and a fructose monomer joined together.
c. Sucrose is found in cane sugar products.
d. Sucrose is the naturally occurring sugar found in milk.
q
It is important to ensure that your diet is adequately rich in vitamins because:
Select one:
a. very few foods contain vitamins.
b. most vitamins are coenzymes needed to help the body utilize essential nutrients.
c. all vitamins are water-soluble and pass out of the body too quickly to ensure utilisation.
d. vitamins provide protection against the common cold.
q
A number of Vitamins have antioxidant functions in the body, what does this mean?
Select one:
a. It means they are able to fight off infections like the common cold.
b. The are able oxidise molecules in the body to protect them from harm.
c. They neutralise free radicals that can cause damage to our cells.
d. They remove harmful oxygen molecules from the bone during calcification, allowing stronger bones.
q
Which of the following Vitamins is considered an antioxidant?
Select one:
a. Vitamin A
b. Vitamin B12
c. Vitamin C
d. Both A and C are antioxidants.
c
The process of breaking triglycerides down into glycerol and fatty acids is known as:
Select one:
a. lypogenesis
b. fat utilisation
c. lipolysis
d. gluconeogenesis
q
Which statement related to the biochemical reactions that occur during aerobic respiration is FALSE?
Select one:
a. NAD+ can bind an electron so is known as an electron acceptor.
b. NADH is an electron donor that can pass an electron onto other chemicals.
c. NADH produced from the citric acid cycle transfers electrons to proteins in the electron transport chain.
d. Water is the final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain.
q
