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PTA 103 > week 1 > Flashcards

week 1 Flashcards

0
Q

what is hypotonicity?

A

low tone or decreased resistance to stretch compared with normal muscles.

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1
Q

what is muscle tone?

A

the underlying tension in a muscle that serves as a background for contraction.

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2
Q

identify the stages of fracture healing.

A

impaction, induction, inflammation, soft callus, hard callus, remodeling

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3
Q

what are the three stages of healing ?

A

Inflammation, proliferation phase, maturation phase

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4
Q

what are the cardinal signs of inflammation?

A

heat, redness, swelling, pain, loss of function

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5
Q

what is contracture?

A

the shortening or tightening of skin, muscle, fascia or joint capsule

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6
Q

what are the events of thee inflammatory phase?

A

vascular, hemostatic, cellular, immune

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7
Q

what do leukocytes do during the inflammatory phase?

A

clean up

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8
Q

what do macrophages assist with during inflammatory phase?

A

assist with the healing process

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9
Q

what is hematoma and hemarthrosis?

A

accumulation of blood in a tissue or organ

bloody fluid that is present in a joint

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10
Q

what are the four phases that occur during the proliferation phase?

A

Epithelialization, collagen production, wound contraction, neovascularization.

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11
Q

what is epithelialization?

A

reestablishment of the epidermis

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12
Q

what is granulation tissue?

A

tissue containing newly formed capillaries, fibroblasts and myofibroblasts

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13
Q

what is transudate?

A

the fluid that first form edema during inflammation has very few cells and very little protein

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14
Q

what is a disability?

A

the inability to preform activities required for self care, home, work, and community roles.

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15
Q

functional limitations

A

restrictions in the ability to perform an activity in an efficient, typically expected, or competent manner

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16
Q

name the events of the inflammatory phase.

A

vascular response, hemostatic response, cellular response, immune response

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17
Q

(cellular response)

hematoma

A

accumulation of blood in a tissue or organ

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18
Q

(cellular Response)

Hemarthrosis

A

bloody fluid that is present in a joint

19
Q

what are the 4 processes that occur simultaneously during the proliferation phase are:

A

Epithelialization, collagen production, wound contraction, neovascularization

20
Q

Epithelialization

A

reestablishment of the epidermis, provides a protective layer

21
Q

collagen production

A

collagen serves a dual purpose providing strength ad facilitating the movement of other cells.

22
Q

transudate

A

the fluid that first form edema during inflammation has very few cells and very little protein

23
Q

exudate

A

has cloudy appearance forms in response to minor injuries

24
Q

wound contraction

A

linear, contract rapidly
square or rectangular, contract moderately
circular wounds, contract more slowly

25
Q

(wound Contraction)

list all three

A

primary intention or primary union
secondary intention or indirect union
delayed primary intention

26
Q

What is a Keliod scars?

A

it extends beyond the borders of the wound.

27
Q

Hypertrophic scars

A

are a raised area within the borders of the wound.

28
Q

(stages of inflammation)

name the three stages

A

acute inflammation lasting two weeks
subacute inflammation more then 4 weeks
chronic inflammation months or years

29
Q

myositis ossificans

A

after a sever contusion, a calcified hematoma may develop

30
Q

what are the two mechanisms of healing bone?

A

primary and secondary

31
Q

define a muscle spasm

A

an involuntary, strong contraction of a muscle

32
Q

what is acute pain?

A

less than 6 months

33
Q

what is chronic pain?

A

it can persists beyond the usual or expected length of time for healing

34
Q

what is referred pain?

A

this is when pain is felt in one location but the damage is in another location.

35
Q

the two pain scales we use are….

A

the VAS and the NRS

36
Q

what is a sensutuzation?

A

a lowering of the pain threshold that increases the experience of pain.

37
Q

define analgesia?

A

reduced sensibility to pain

38
Q

define allodynia

A

pain that occurs in response to stimuli that do not usually produce pain

39
Q

define hyperalgesia

A

increased sensitivity to noxious stimuli

40
Q

define phagocytosis

A

ingestion and digestion of bacteria and particles by a cell

41
Q

define inflammation

A

the immediate response of the body to destroy or isolate the cells or agents involoved.

42
Q

what is the hemostatic response?

A

the sealing off of blood vessels to allow blood clot to form

43
Q

C fibers

A

dull throbbing aching or burning

44
Q

A Delta fibers

A

A before C sharp stabbing or pricking

45
Q

A beta fibers

A

sensation

PTA 103 (1 decks)

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