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Human Structure Block 1 Week 1 Review > Week 1 > Flashcards

Week 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

Epiblast form

A

the trilaminar embryonic disk: the mesoderm, the endoderm, the ectoderm

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2
Q

Ectoderm makes

A

neural crest and neural plate

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3
Q

Mesoderm differentiates into

A

paraxial, intermediate, and lateral

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4
Q

paraxial mesoderm

A

responsible for making axial skeleton and musculature

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5
Q

Intermediate mesoderm

A

makes the urogenetal system

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6
Q

lateral mesoderm

A

body wall, body cavities, GT tract, CT of limbs, and cardiovascular system

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7
Q

Lateral mesoderm splits into and what are they responsible for

A

somatic - makes the parietal layer of serous membrane, dermis, and the muscles of the body wall and splanchnic - visceral layer of serous membrane, GI tract

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8
Q

The intraembroyonic coleum

A

is the gap that forms when the lateral mesoderm splits into two

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9
Q

Folding that extrembroyonic folding goes through

A

craniocaudal folding and lateral folding

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10
Q

Conditions that happen when folding at the coleum does not happen properly

A

ectopic cordis, gastrochisis, and bladder wall - organs start to be on the outside of where they are supposed to be

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11
Q

Thoracic diaphragm

A

forms when 4 structures fuse: the septum transverse, the pleurpertineal membrane/folds, dorsal mesentery, and musculature from the body wall

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12
Q

Lung Development

A

Happens with the lung bud and the trachesphogeal septum formation (lack of it can cause RDS)

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13
Q

Somites and Vertebral Column form from

A

the paraxial mesoderm - split into the sclerotome and the dermamytome

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14
Q

Limb Formation

A

happens through limb buds and hox genes, lower limbs lag behind

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15
Q

Axises of the apical ectoderm ridge

A

The thing that buds off of the limb bub
- longitudinal axis - the middle part
- the preaxial axis - the thumb and big toe
- the postaxial axis - pinky finger and toe

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16
Q

Dorsal mass

A

extensor and supinator of upper limb, extensor and abductor of lower limb

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17
Q

Ventral mass

A

flexor and pronator of upper limb, flexor and adductor of lower limb

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18
Q

Rotation of upper limb

A

start from praying hands, rotate 90 degrees laterally
preaxial is lateral, postaxial - is medial

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19
Q

Rotation of lower limb

A

praying feet - rotation of 90 degrees medially, preaxial - is medial and postaxial is lateral

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20
Q

Kyphosis

A

opposite C shaped, thoracic and sacral, primary

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21
Q

Lordosis

A

C shaped, secondary curvature, cervical and lumbar

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22
Q

Suboccipital triangle blood vessels

A

occipital artery and the vertebral artery

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23
Q

Suboccipital Triangle Nerve

A

Suboccipital nerve and greater occipital nerve

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24
Q

Meninges

A

Dura matter (outmost CT), subdural space (a potential space), arachnoid mater (saran wrap material), subarachnoid space (filled with CSF and blood vessels), pia matter ( closest to the cord

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25
Spinal Cord Length
Shorter than the vertebral column, stops at L1 - L2
26
Suboccipital muscles
rectus capitus, oblique capitis superior, oblique capitus inferior
27
Nerves in the Spinal Levels
8 cervicial, 12 throaic, 5 lumbar, 5 sacral, 1 coccyxgeal
28
Nerves in the cervical region
Exit above the vertebral body
29
Nerves in the not-cervical region
Exit inferior to the vertebral body
30
Axillary artery branches - first part
one branch: superior thoracic artery
31
Axillary artery - second part
2 branches: thoracromial trunk and lateral thoracic artery
32
Axillary artery third part
three branches - anterior circumflex humeral artery, posterior humeral circumflex artery, subscapcular artery
33
Lymphatic Nodes of Axilla
pectoral nodes, subscapular nodes, humeral nodes, central nodes, apical nodes, all of these drain into the thoracic duct and the right lymphatic duct
34
Scapular anastomosis
suprascapular artery, dorsal scapular artery, circumflex scapular artery
35
Autonomic efferent
2 cell chain, symphathetic and parasympathetic smmoth, cardiac glands and muscles
36
Fiber contents of ventral root
somatic efferent, preganglionic sympathetic
37
Fiber contents of dorsal root
somatic afferent, visceral afferent
38
Fiber contents of dorsal primary ramus
postganglionic sympathetic, somatic afferent, somatic efferent
39
Fiber contents of ventral primary ramus
postganglionic symp, somatic afferent, somatic efferent
40
Fiber contents of white rami communicans
preganglionic symp, visceral afferent
41
Fiber contents of gray rami communicans
postganglionic symp
42
Fiber contents of Symphathetic chain
Preganglionic symp, postganglionic symp, visceral afferent
43
Fiber contents of symphathetic chain ganglion
preganglionic sympathetic, postganglionic sympathetic, visceral afferent, postganglionic symphathetic cell bodies
44
Fiber contents of prevertebral/collateral ganglion
pregang symp, post gang symp, visceral afferent, pregang para, post ganglionic symp cell bodies
45
Fiber contents of Intramural/Terminal ganglion
post ganglion para, visceral afferent, pregang para, post ganglionic parasympathetic cell bodies
46
Any peripheral nerve
somatic afferent, somatic efferent, postganglionic symp
47
Fiber contents of nerve associated with abdominal artery
post ganglionic symp, visceral afferent, preganglionic parasymp
48
Function of trapezius
Ascending - depresses the scapula Descending - elevates the scapula Middle- or all three parts, retracts the scapula
49
Function of latissmus dorsi
Extends, adducts, and medially rotates humerus; raises body toward arms during climbing
50
Function of levator scapulae
Elevates the scapula, rotates its glenoid cavity inferiorly by rotating scapula
51
Function of rhomboids
Retract scapula and rotate its glenoid cavity inferiorly; fix scapula to thoracic wall, helps elevate scapula
52
Function of Serratus Posterior
Accessory muscle in respiration
53
Function of Splenius
Seperate: laterally flexes the neck and rotates the head to side of active muscles Together: Extension of the head and neck
54
Function of ilocostalis
extend vertebral column and head when contracting bilaterally and lateral flexion of vertebral column
55
Function of Longissmus
extend vertebral column and head when contracting bilaterally and lateral flexion of vertebral column
56
Function of Spinalis
extend vertebral column and head when contracting bilaterally and lateral flexion of vertebral column
57
Function of Semispinalis
Extend head and vertebral column
58
Function of Rotares and multifidus
Stabilizes vertebrae
59
Function of subscapularis
Medial rotation, rotator cuff muscle
60
Function of supraspinatus
Lateral rotation, rotator cuff, 0-15 degrees of abduction
61
Function of infraspinatus
Lateral rotation, rotator cuff
62
Function of Teres major
Adducts and medially rotates the arm
63
Function of teres minor
Rotator cuff muscle, lateral rotation
64
Function of the deltoid
Abduction of 15-90 degrees, flexion of the arm, extension of the arm, medial rotation and lateral
65
Function of serratus anterior
Protracts and rotates the scapula
66
Function of Pec major
Adducts arm, medially rotate arm, flexes arm, extends arm from flexes position
67
Function of pec minor
stabilizes scapula, helps with respiration when scapula is fixed
68
Function of subclavius
Anchors and depresses clavicle
69
Function of bicep brachii
Supinates and flexes forearm, flexes, abduct, and medially rotate arm
70
Function of corocbrachialis
Helps flex and adduct arm; resists dislocation of shoulder
71
Function of brachialis
Flexes forearm
72
Function of tricep brachii
Extension of the forearm
73
Simple squamous
lining for abdominal, percardial, pleural cavities - lungs and heart
74
Simple cubidol
line ducts of exocrine glands, ovary surgace, kidney tubles, heptocytes, thyroid follicles
75
Simple Columnar
lines stomach, intestine, colon, gallblader, uterus
76
Pseudostratified columnar
respiratory passages, epidymis and ductus deferens
77
Stratified squamous
oral cavity, esphogaus, cervix, vagina, epidermis
78
Stratified squamous kertatinzed
skin, oral cavity
79
Stratified cubidol
sweat glad, anorector junction
80
stratifed columnar
rare - conjuctiva of the eye, anorectal junction,
81
transitional epithelium
ureter, bladder, urethra
82
merocrine
product delivered via vescicles that fuse to the PM via exocytosis
83
holocrine
sebum accumlates, undergos apoptosis, product released
84
apocrine
release in PM bound vesicles, extruded from the cell
85
CNS neuroglia
oligodendrocytes (make mylein, myleinate multiple), astrocytes (regulate ion flow), micrglia (phagocytic cells), ependymal cells (lines CSF cavities
86
PNS neuroglia
satellite cells (maintain environment), schwann cell (mylienate one axon),

Human Structure Block 1 Week 1 Review (1 decks)

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