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week 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What is pharmacology

A

the branch of medicine concerned with the uses, effects, and modes of action of drugs.

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2
Q

What are the three names for drugs

A

Trade, Generic, Chemical

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3
Q

Pharmaceutics

A

science of dosage form design, rate at which drug dissolution occurs, and the delivery of the medication

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4
Q

Three types of dosage forms:

A

enteral, parental, and topical

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5
Q

Enteral

A

any oral medication

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6
Q

parental

A

medication that is given with injection

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7
Q

four types of injection

A

intradermal ID - just under the dermis
subcutaneous SQ- into fat layer just below the skin
intramuscular IM - into deep muscle layer
Intravenous IV- directly into blood stream

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8
Q

Topical dosage

A

applied on body surface

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9
Q

Enteric coated

A

oral coated tablets - cannot be cut in half. breaks down in lower GI

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10
Q

Capsule form oral medication description

A

encase in capsule, designed for sustained or extended release of granules. slow delivery

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11
Q

Chewable tablets start breaking down in

A

the mouth.

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12
Q

Sublingual

A

Under the tongue

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13
Q

liquid, syrups, and elixirs

A

already dissolved medication, absorbed more quickly than solid dosage form

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14
Q

Fastest to slowest absorption oral dosage forms

A

Liquid
suspension solutions
powders
capsules
tablets
coated
enteric-coated

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15
Q

Transdermal patch

A

adhesive medicated patch. handle with gloves

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16
Q

What is the difference between local and systemic rash?

A

Local means rash is located just on one part of the body, ie rash on arm. Systemic rash would be broken out all over your body, meaning it is in the blood stream.

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17
Q

Rectal suppositories (PR)

A

Excellent for pt who is vomiting or has difficulty swallowing. infant or small children especially

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18
Q

Why is it important to push IV meds slowly?

A

Pushing IV medication too fast can cause altered mental status - renal capacity must be taken into consideration.

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19
Q

When giving meds –

A

do not take shortcuts or work arounds.

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20
Q

Eye drops (GTT) or eye ointment (oint)

A

lean slightly back, make sure barrel doesn’t touch eye.

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21
Q

Ear drops (gtt)

A

pull lobe up or down to expose canal.

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22
Q

Inhaler (inh)

A

A canister containing medicine in aerosol form. delivered directly to lungs- bronchodilators.

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23
Q

Pharmacokinetics

A

The study of what happens to a drug from the time it is put into the body until it has left the body

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24
Q

Absorption is determined by

A

onset of drug action

25
Bioavailability
The portion of the drug that reaches the systemic circulation.
26
What drugs are altered by the first pass effect?
Oral drugs
27
What is the first pass effect?
When a drug is metabolized by the liver before it reaches the systemic circulation - some of the active drug will be inactivated before it reaches the general circulation.
28
The bioavailability of drugs administered orally
have less than 100% bioavailability
29
Drugs administered via IV have ___ bioavailability
100% bioavailability.
30
Food in the stomach can influence oral medication's ___
absorption
31
how does milk in the stomach effect oral medication?
Milk binds with molecules of some drugs, so the drug can never be absorbed.
32
How does fruit juice effect absorption of oral medication?
Juices (orange, grape) can enhance absorption, making it stronger or be absorbed faster than intended
33
Distribution
the transport of a drug by the bloodstream to its site of action
34
3 major factors for drug distribution
Blood flow to tissue, ability of drug to exit the vascular system Ability of the drug to enter the cell
35
Protein Binding
some drugs binds to protein in the bloodstream. it can allow part of the drug to be stored and released as needed. however if two drugs compete for protein binding sites, one of the drugs will be displaced. this can result in higher levels of freely circulating drug molecules
36
Metabolism considerations
also known as biotransformation metabolism capabilities of the liver vary from pt to pt. Age, genetics, disease, concurrent use of other meds
37
excretion
refers to the elimination of a drug from the body. requires adequate function of the circulatory system, and organs of excretion Kidneys via urine liver via bile into feces lungs via exhaled air saliva, tears, and sweat
38
Onset, peak, and elimination
When a drug begins to work, hits the peak of effectiveness, and is then excreted. k
39
half life
from peak level to elimination. some drugs have longer or shorter half life than others
40
pharmacodynamics
study of what a drug does to the body. once drug is at the site, it can modify the rate and which the cells or tissues function. a drug cannot make a cell or tissue perform a function it was not designed to perform
41
what is mechanism of action
how a drug achieves its response
42
what is drug effect
the goal of drug therapy positive change in faulty physiological system
43
adverse drug reaction
reaction to a drug that is undesired, and may or may not be expected. - side effects -allergic (immune) response - idiosyncratic reaction -drug interactions -interactions with food or other drugs like OTC's
44
Contraindication
preexisting condition that precludes the use of a particular drug under all but the most desperate circumstances
45
precaution
pre-existing condition that significantly increases the risk of adverse effect
46
Black box warning
FDA's strongest warning. indicates the medication has serious or life-threatening adverse effects. notifies physicians, pharmacists, and nurses that they are responsible to screen pt closely for drug appropriateness prior to giving drugs. should assess pt more frequently after administering.
47
Pharmacotherapeutics
Clinical treatment through the use of drugs
48
source of individual variations for pharmacotherapeutics
physiologic - age, weight, gender pathologic - kidney and liver function genetic variables - can alter metabolism drug interactions
49
how do you know the kidney and liver function so you can know how a drug might be metabolized in a certain pt?
Lab values - complete blood pannel and basic metabolic panel
50
Lifespan considerations in pharmacotherapeutics
age has significant impact on the effect of medications ESPECIALLY in peds or gery pts. organ immaturity in infants peds does is based on mg/kg of body weight physiological changes of aging patients
51
Most important job for nurse before administering meds
Preadministration assessment list of current meds history of allergies vitals signs and phys exam lab values - renal, liver, metablolism
52
The rights of medication administration
DDTRPD right Drug right Dose right Time right Route right Pt right Documentation Additional rights: RRR right Reason right to Refuse right to Response
53
For any med order to be complete it must include
NDRF Name Dose Route Frequency call prescriber for clarification if missing one of these
54
Older adults are ____ likely to experience ADE (adverse drug effects
more
55
Pediatric patients are at ___ for side effects and ADEs due to pharmacokinetic differences in body systems
increased risk
56
Geriatric patients are ___ times more likely to hospitalized due to secondary ADE's
seven
57
What is prophylaxis
a drug given prior to a procedure proactively. like antibiotics given before surgery to get ahead of potential infection
58
what is palliative care
medical care that relieves pain

113 (6 decks)

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