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Fundamentals Of Ultrasound Practice > Week 1 > Flashcards

Week 1 Flashcards

(49 cards)

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1
Q

What is diagnostic ultrasound?

A

The use of high frequency sound waves to view and assess structures and organs within the body

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2
Q

What did Archytas observe?

A

He observed the pitch relating to the movement of vibrating air

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3
Q

What did Boethius compare?

A

He compared sound waves to ripples of water

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4
Q

What relationship did Pythagoras describe?

A

The relationship between sound frequency produced by a plucked string, and the tension, length and mass of string

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5
Q

What did Leaonardo Da Vinci discover?

A

That sound travels in waves and that the angle of incidence is equal to the angle of reflection

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6
Q

What did Galileo Galilei discover?

A

Started the study of modern acoustics through study of vibrations. He determined that the frequency of sound waves determines the pitch

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7
Q

What did Isaac Newton do?

A

Studies speed of sound through air

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8
Q

What is the Doppler effect?

A

The apparent change in frequency and wavelength of a wave as perceived by an observer moving relative to the waves source

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9
Q

What does SONAR stand for?

A

Sound Navigation And Ranging

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10
Q

What is SONAR?

A

A way to detect underwater objects using the properties of echoing sound waves

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11
Q

What is A mode?

A

Describes acoustic waves as acoustic image

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12
Q

What did George Ludwig discover?

A

First to develop A mode ultrasound equipment. Discovered the speed of sound in soft tissue

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13
Q

What did Douglas Howry develop?

A

His own pulse/echo scanner

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14
Q

What did John Wild do?

A

Discovered potential in echo/return application in medicine. Built first Linear B mode instrument

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15
Q

What did William Fry introduce?

A

The use of computers into ultrasound

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16
Q

What are some of the B-mode advance? (3 points)

A

A 2D B-mode linear compound scanner was developed.
Using the immersion tank ultrasound system improved imagine
Went on to develop the bistable display

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17
Q

What is the Bistable display?

A

2D image displayed in black and white

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18
Q

What happened in 1959 in Sydney?

A

The grey scale was developed in 1969
Prolific research occurred into obstetric applications of diagnostic ultrasound

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19
Q

What 3 facts are there about the first fast B mode scanner?

A

Invented the first real time scanner
Manufactured by Simmons and called “Vidoscan”
Used rotating transducers

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20
Q

In 1973 Martin Wilcox…

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A

Produced the first commercially available real time linear array scanner

21
Q

When were static systems phased out by?

22
Q

When were 3/4D images introduced?

23
Q

What did Donald Baker introduce?

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A

A pulse Doppler system (1970)

24
Q

What is the welfare model?

Study These Flashcards
A

Public healthcare
Social right to health

25
What is the market model?
Private health Individual right to choice
26
What are the 3 tiers of the Australian Health Care System? briefly explain them
Primary - first contact, no referral required Secondary - referral required Tertiary - typically hospital
27
What are the Government Responsibilites > Local
Vaccination clinics Sanitation Local maternal and child services Homecare for the homebound
28
What are the government responsibilites - State
Hospitals Ambulance services Public dental clinics Breast cancer screening programs
29
What are the Government Responsibilites - Federal
Medical benefits scheme (MBS) - Medicare Pharmaceutical benefits scheme (PBS) National health and medical research council (NHMRC) Policy for national health
30
What are some NGO’s
Australian Red Cross Care Family planning NSW Royal australiasian college of surgeons Surfaid
31
What is DIAS and where would you find it?
Diagnostic imaging accreditation scheme. Medicare, category 5 group 11
32
Rebate system - out of pocket formula
Cost - benefit = out of pocket
33
What is medical imaging?
Imaging the body for diagnostic purposes in the medical setting Can be purely diagnostic, incorporated into interventional procedures or therapeutic
34
What are the 2 medical imaging modalities?
Ionising radiation Non ionising radiation
35
What imaging falls under the category ionising radiation?
Conventional radiography (X-ray) Computed tomography (CT) Nuclear medicine Fluoroscopy Mammography
36
What imaging falls under the category non-ionising?
Ultrasound Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
37
What is ionising radiation?
Radiation that has enough energy to cause an atom to become charged or ionised (lose and electron)
38
2 facts about Conventional radiography (X-ray)
First medical imaging modality Discovered by Wilhelm Roentgen
39
What is an X-ray also known as?
Radiograph
40
On an X-ray tissues are what?
Radiolucent - appears darker, less attenuation Radioplaque - appears whiter, more attenuation
41
What imaging procedure is fluoroscopy used in?
X ray
42
What are 2 things involved in fluoroscopy?
It uses contrast media for increased diagnostic value Is real time imaging
43
What is mammography?
Radiography (X-ray) of breast using lower energy
44
What is computed tomography?
A rotating X-ray tube Creates slices which can be reconstructed into 3D images High dose of radiation
45
What is nuclear medicine?
Functional imaging Energy source is radioisotope which is attached to a pharmaceutical (radiopharmaceutical) and given orally, injected or inhaled Distributes to certain area of body
46
What does an MRI do?
Uses the fact that the body is made up mostly of hydrogen atoms and uses the proton in atoms to produce an image Produces tomographic image Uses interaction of strong magnetic fields and radio waves to create images Non ionising but many safety issues associated
47
How does ultrasound work?
Uses a transducer which emits high frequency sound waves and uses their returning echos to image soft tissue structures of the body
48
Components of ultrasound
Fast, inexpensive, user dependant, no ionising radiation, real time, comfortable, portable Good visualisation of soft tissue structures Qualitative and quantitative evaluation of blood flow with Doppler Can’t see through bone or air structures
49
Who should I make friends with?
Everyone!

Fundamentals Of Ultrasound Practice (3 decks)

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