Week 1

Question 1

On assessment, the nurse finds that the patient has bad breath. Which condition does the nurse document?

Answer 1

Halitosis

Question 2

While assessing a patient’s oral cavity, the nurse notes tooth decay. The finding indicates which condition?

Answer 2

Dental caries

Question 3

Which developmental stage results in increasingly active sebaceous glands and may require more frequent bathing?

Answer 3

Adolescent

Question 4

Which condition is observed in a patient who has gingivitis?

Answer 4

Gum inflammation

Question 5

Which glands become inflamed to result in acne?

Answer 5

Sebaceous

Question 6

Which foot problem is common in middle-aged women?

Answer 6

Morton’s neuroma

*causes burning, numbness, and pain of the foot on weight-bearing

Question 7

Which condition impairs the healing function of skin?

Answer 7

Diabetes mellitus

Question 8

To place a patient in the semi-Fowler’s position, the nurse would elevate the head of the bed to which angle?

Answer 8

30 to 45 degrees

Question 9

Which statement is true regarding the skin?

Answer 9

The dermis is formed by bundles of collagen and elastic fibers

Question 10

Which factor is a significant cause of bleeding in the oral cavity?

Answer 10

Trauma

Question 11

Which statement is true about the skin during adolescence?

Answer 11

In girls, the skin becomes soft with increased vascularity

Question 12

In which part of the skin do the normal flora reside?

Answer 12

Epidermis

Question 13

Which information about the fluid secreted by sebaceous glands would the nurse explain to a teenager?

Answer 13

The fluid softens and lubricates the skin

Question 14

Which part of the tooth weakens with aging, causing the patient to be more prone to infection?

Answer 14

Periodontal membrane

Question 15

Which instruction is beneficial to a patient with dry skin?

Answer 15

Add moisture to the air by using a humidifier

Question 16

Which factor leads to skin maceration?

Answer 16

Constant moisture

Question 17

When discussing the tiers of transmission-based precautions at an education session, the nurse would state that standard precautions apply to which patient population?

Answer 17

All patients

Question 18

Which term is used to describe an infection that can be transmitted directly from one person to another?

Answer 18

Communicable disease

Question 19

Which microorganism causes gas gangrene?

Answer 19

Clostridium perfringens

Question 20

Which condition is an example of a communicable disease that can be asymptomatic?

Answer 20

Hep C (HCV)

Question 21

The portal of exit for the influenza virus is which area of the body?

Answer 21

Respiratory tract

Question 22

Which statement is true regarding the illness stage of an infection?

Answer 22

The patient has signs and symptoms specific to the infection type

Question 23

Which stage of the infection process can be described as the onset of nonspecific symptoms and the patient being capable of spreading a disease because microorganisms are growing and multiplying?

Answer 23

Prodromal stage

Question 24

Which environment would limit bacterial growth?

Answer 24

pH of 3.0

Question 25

For which condition would the nurse wear gloves and a gown when in the patient's room?

Answer 25

The patient's infection can be transmitted to the nurse via blood or body fluids

Question 26

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is transmitted through which mode of transmission?

Answer 26

Vehicles

Question 27

Which microorganism is associated with an exogenous infection?

Answer 27

Salmonella

Question 28

When discussing the chain of infection during an education module, which organism would the nurse include when listing portals of exit through the reproductive tract?

Answer 28

Neisseria gonorrhoeae

Question 29

Because of the changes in the inflammatory and immune processes due to aging, the nurse would expect an older adult with pneumonia to experience which type of response?

Answer 29

Increased fatigue

Question 30

The nurse would suspect which cause of an older patient's health care-associated exogenous infection?

Answer 30

Aspergillus

Question 31

The nurse expects which neutrophil count in an acute suppurative infection?

Answer 31

75%

Question 32

The nursing team leader intervenes when a staff nurse delegates which task to assistive personnel (AP)?

Answer 32

Preparation of a sterile field

Question 33

Which organism causes antibiotic-induced diarrhea?

Answer 33

Clostridium difficile (C. diff)

Question 34

The nurse recalls that purulent exudate from a patient's inflamed incision site contains which substance?

Answer 34

White blood cells (WBCs)

Question 35

Which laboratory parameter typically remains normal during infection?

Answer 35

Basophil count

Question 36

Normal glucose range

Answer 36

Fasting - 70 and 100 mg/dL After eating - 170 and 200 mg/dL

Question 37

Normal hemoglobin range

Answer 37

Males - 14 to 18 g/dL Females - 12 to 16 g/dL

Question 38

Normal WBC range

Answer 38

4,500 to 11,000 per microliter

Question 39

The nurse is caring for a group of medical-surgical patients. Which patient is most at risk for developing an infection?

Answer 39

A patient who is recovering from a right total hip surgery.

Question 40

A nurse is providing a bath. In which order will the nurse clean the body, beginning with the first area? 1. Face 2. Eyes 3. Perineum 4. Arm and chest 5. Hands and nails 6. Back and buttocks 7. Abdomen and legs

Answer 40

2, 1, 4, 5, 7, 3, 6

Question 41

The nurse is admitting a patient with an infectious disease process. Which question will be most appropriate for a nurse to ask about the patient’s susceptibility to this infectious process?

Answer 41

"Do you have a chronic disease?”

Question 42

The nurse is teaching the patient about flossing and oral hygiene. Which instruction will the nurse include in the teaching session?

Answer 42

Flossing removes plaque and tartar from the teeth

Question 43

Which patients will the nurse determine are in most need of regular perineal care? (Select all that apply.)

Answer 43

A bariatric patient A patient with urinary and fecal incontinence A patient who has an indwelling catheter A patient with rectal and genital surgical dressings

Question 44

The nurse is caring for a patient diagnosed with leukemia and is preparing to provide fluids through a vascular access (IV) device. Which nursing intervention is a priority in this procedure?

Answer 44

Maintain surgical aseptic technique.

Question 45

The patient and the nurse are discussing the vector transmitted Rickettsia rickettsii—Rocky Mountain spotted fever. Which patient statement to the nurse indicates understanding regarding the mode of transmission for this disease?

Answer 45

"When camping, I will wear insect repellent."

Question 46

The nurse is caring for a school-aged child who has injured the right leg after a bicycle accident. Which signs and symptoms will the nurse assess for to determine if the child is experiencing a localized inflammatory response?

Answer 46

Edema, redness, tenderness, and loss of function

Question 47

A nurse is assessing a patient’s skin. Which patient is most at risk for impaired skin integrity?

Answer 47

A patient who is diaphoretic

Question 48

Which pathogen cannot be treated with antibiotics because it has a protective envelope?

Answer 48

Virus

Question 49

Which precaution would be implemented for a patient admitted for suspected West Nile virus?

Answer 49

Standard

Question 50

Which patient is considered to be a susceptible host in the chain of infection?

Answer 50

70-year-old with diabetes learning about insulin therapy

Question 51

Which infections are considered health care–associated infections (HAIs)?

Answer 51

Urinary tract infection related to an indwelling catheter Pneumonia related to the presence of a ventilator Wound infection related to surgical incision

Question 52

Which factor is most likely to contribute to the development of a health care–associated respiratory infection in an ambulatory diabetic patient receiving an intravenous antibiotic?

Answer 52

Current comorbidity

Question 53

Which microorganisms are blood-borne pathogens that can be transmitted by needlesticks?

Answer 53

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)

Question 54

Which information about prescribed antibiotics would the nurse teach a patient prior to discharge to help prevent antimicrobial resistance?

Answer 54

Take all antibiotics for the full time prescribed.

Question 55

Which rationale explains why antibiotic use in animals contributes to human antimicrobial resistance?

Answer 55

Creates a reservoir of potentially resistant bacteria

Question 56

Which infectious agents have acquired drug resistance within health care settings?

Answer 56

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) Vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (VRSA) Vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus (VRE) Clostridium difficile (C. diff)