Week 1 Flashcards
(92 cards)
1
Q
Define microstructures
A
The fine structure that can be made visible and examined with a microscope
2
Q
What are micro constituents
A
An identifiable element of the microstructure
3
Q
Can microconstituents consist of more than one phase
A
Yes
4
Q
Microstructure structure or micro constituent
A
Structure
5
Q
Microstructure on micro constituent?
A
Constituent
6
Q
Name this
A
Substitutional foreign atom
7
Q
Name this
A
Interstitial foreign atom
8
Q
Name this
A
Vacancy
9
Q
Name this
A
Unit cell of alpha-iron
10
Q
Name this
A
Edge dislocation
11
Q
Name this
A
Screw dislocation
12
Q
Name this
A
Incoherent precipitates
13
Q
Name this
A
Continuous grain boundaries
14
Q
Name this
A
Coherent precipitates
15
Q
Name this
A
Grain boundary
16
Q
Name this
A
Grain boundary
17
Q
Name this
A
High melting point inclusion
18
Q
Name this
A
Slip lines
19
Q
List the 5 things on the bonding graph and where they are
A
20
Q
Stress strain graph: what does it look like for a guitars string
(What type of steel is a guitars string)
A
Blue curve
(Martensitic steel)
21
Q
Stress strain curve: what does it look like for spheroidized steel
(2 qualities of spheroidized steel)
A
Red curve
(Very week but ductile
22
Q
List the 4 elements of the materials paradigm and where they are
A
23
Q
Describe cold worked and recovered grains compared to regular grains
A
24
Q
What type of bonds do polymers have
A
Covalent bonds
25
What type of bonds are covalent bonds
Secondary bonds
26
Polymers: ____ melting point, 3 other qualities
Point
Insulators
Weak
Impact resistance
27
What allows us to distinguish between classes of materials
Atomic bonding
28
What are the 2 things here
Big blue: ion core
Pink: sea of valence electrons
29
Ionic bonds: between _____ and ______ ions, electrons not ______ but ______,
non-______, strong and _______
Positive and negative
Shared but transferred
Non directional
Inflexible
30
What type of bonding is this
Ionic bonds
31
Covalent bonds: electrons are _____, strong and ________, comparable __________, ________
Shared
Inflexible
Electronegatitivies
Directional
32
Which type of bonds are generally the strongest
Covalent
33
What type of bonding is this
Covalent (electrons are shared)
34
Metallic bonds: “the ____ of electrons”, non-_______, variable ______
Sea
Non directional
Strength
35
What type of bonding is this
Metallic
36
4 properties of metals
Conductive
Malleable/ductile
Opaque
Good tension and compression
37
Are metals good or bad in tension and compression
Good
38
What are the weakest type of bonds
Secondary bonds
39
What type of interactions do secondary bonds have (main 3)
And what are these classified as
London dispersion, hydrogen, van der waal
(Classified as dipole-dipole interactions)
40
What type of bonding is this
Van Der Waals
41
What type of bonding is this
Hydrogen bonding
42
What type of bonding is this
Secondary bonds
43
Define the materials paradigm
(2 points)
The conceptual framework used to understand, design, and develop materials with specific properties and functions
Involves the study of the structure, composition, and processing of materials to tailor their properties to various applications
44
Name the three classes of materials
Metals
Polymers
Ceramics
45
Should properties vary with the amount of material sampled
No
46
Define a property
A characteristic of something that can be measured or observed and provided info about its behaviour, composition, or quality
47
What deformation process is this
Forging
48
What deformation process is this
Direct extrusion
49
What deformation process is this
Indirect extrusion
50
List the 4 modes of loading
Tension
Compression
Bending
Shear
51
What happens to atoms in tension and compression
Tension: atoms pulled apart
Compression: pushing atoms together
52
What is bending a combination of
Tension and compression
53
What what happens to atoms during shear
Atoms moving against each other
54
What mode of loading is this
Bending
55
What mode of loading is this
Shear
56
“If each sample has a different cross section, how do you tell which is strongest” relates to what calculation
Engineering stress
57
What does “different cross sectional areas”, Ao, look like
58
Which calculation answers the question “how do we tell how much a sample has deformed”
Engineering strain
59
What calculation relates to compression
Compressive stress
60
What does a stress-strain curve generally look like
(4 things)
-elastic deformation
-yield strength
-UTS (plastic deformation)
-Slope (Young’s modulus)
61
Plastic and elastic deformation: state which is recoverable and which isn’t
Elastic: recoverable
Plastic: non-recoverable
62
Why is elastic deformation RECOVERABLE
Because you’re stretching atoms
63
Define yield strength
The stress at which a material begins physically deforming and WON’T return to its original shape when an applied stress is removed
64
Define UTS
The maximum stress a material can withstand BEFORE breaking
65
Where is fillet radii on a dog bone
66
What is the purpose of fillet radii
-distributes stress by reducing concentrations at the junction of two intersection components
(Smooth transition to minimize crack and failures)
67
Describe where the “reduced section” and “gauge length” are on a dog bone
68
What is the reduced section of a dog bone and what is it used for
The areas of the body ne where it narrows due to deformation
Used for calculating true stress as the material undergoes deformation
69
What is the gauge length of a dog bone and what is it used for
The designated region of the bone where strain is measured during tensile testing
Used for strain measurements
70
Describe the three stages of what bonds look like during the process of elastic deformation
71
Good to look at
72
Plastic deformation: onset is at _____ _____ on stress strain curve
Yield point
73
Stress strain curve: engineering stress rises until the ______ is reached
UTS
74
Stress strain curve: WHERE DOES NECKING OCCUR
Necking occurs at the UTS
75
How to draw the yield offset
Draw a line parallel to the LINEAR elastic region offset by a strain of 0.2%
76
Why do we draw the yield offset
(And what are we calculating when we do this)
Since yield tends to be gradual this is how we determine yield stress
77
Bruh
78
When is a sample brittle and when is it ductile on a stress strain curve
79
What question does the %EL formula answer
How did the LENGTH of the sample change during deformation
80
What question does the %RA answer
How did the CROSS-SECTIONAL AREA of the sample change
81
What does a true stress strain curve look like, a corrected one, and an engineering one
82
“If a sample expands along the z axis, what happens along the x and y axis?”
Can be answered by which formula
Poison’s ratio
83
Theoretically, what is Poisson’s ratio for isotropic materials
b=0.25
84
What are isotopic materials
Materials with uniform properties in ALL directions
(Physical and mechanical characteristics are the same regardless of which direction they’re measured)
85
3 examples of isotopic materials
Polycrystalline metals
Glass
Rubber
86
In practice, what is the range for Poisson’s ratio for metals
v= 0.25-0.35
87
Does this show brittle ceramics, ductile metals, or ductile polymers
Brittle ceramics
88
Where something fractures is also called the _____ _____
Elastic limit
89
Does this show brittle ceramics,ductile metals, or ductile polymers
Ductile metals
90
Does this show brittle ceramics,ductile metals, or ductile polymers
Ductile polymers
91
What happens to atoms during plastic deformation
They undergo permanent rearrangement
(Facilitated by the motion and multiplication of dislocations)
92
Describe each line on the stress strain drive in terms of toughness: (and give material class for lines 1 and 3)
-steep linear line
-less steep line, parabolic down
-least steep, almost parallel to x axis
1) smaller toughness (ceramics)
2) larger toughness
3) smaller toughness (unreinforced polymers)
