Week 1

Question 1

Quantative research

Answer 1

Used to quantify a research problem by gathering numerical data to use for statistical testing.

Question 2

Qualitative research

Answer 2

To gain an understanding of people’s attitudes, opinions or motivations.

Question 3

Different research methodologies for qualitative research

Answer 3

1. Passive analysis - gathering information on interactions on the internet, without activeley participating in communicationwith the people.
2. Active analysis - the researcher observes the participants and gets actively involved in the communication, often without revealing their identity.
3. Web surveys - the researcher reveals his identity, making it more ethical.

Web surveys can be both quantative and qualitative (closed- or open-ended questions)

Question 4

Total survey error (TSE) framework

Answer 4

Framework including all possible survey errors

Question 5

Measurement error

Answer 5

The difference between the retrieved answer and the true value, occurs when an instrument does not measure exactly what it should measure

Question 6

Non-response error

Answer 6

Not all questions are answered. Only a problem when the non-responders differ from the responding participants.
Types:
* Unit non-response - individuals not participating in the survey
* Partial non-response - individuals who drop out during filling in the survey
* Item non-response - individuals who fail to answer an item or question

Question 7

Coverage error

Answer 7

There exists a discrepantion between the frame population and the actual population

Question 8

Sampling error

Answer 8

Further than coverage error, there is a difference between the frame population and the sample

Question 9

Acquiescence

Answer 9

The tendency to agree

Question 10

Social desirability

Answer 10

The need to present oneself in a favorably light

Question 11

Primacy and recency effect

Answer 11

Selecting the first or the last answer option

Question 12

Satisficing

Answer 12

Searching for the first appropriate option and choosing this, instead of reading all options

Question 13

Factor analysis

Answer 13

Analysis to examine which factors account for most variability

Question 14

Exploratory factor analysis (EFA)

Answer 14

Data driven

Question 15

Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA)

Answer 15

Theory driven

Question 16

Adjustment error

Answer 16

Errors in handling the missing, and weighting for example.

Question 17

Validity

Answer 17

The accuracy of a measure. Does it really measure what it is supposed to measure.

Question 18

Reliability

Answer 18

The consistency of the measure. The extent to which the results can be reproduced.

Question 19

Processing error

Answer 19

Error connected to the processing of survey data, such as data entry, handling of the questionnaires, computer errors etc.

Question 20

Types of measurement error

Answer 20

• Effect I: Misreporting (over / under, systematic bias)
• Effect II: Loss in precision (loss in reliability)
• Effect III: Cognitive shortcuts (satisficing)

Question 21

Straightlining

Answer 21

Choosing the answers in a straight line in a grid.

Question 22

Utilitarian perspective

Answer 22

States that an action is ethical if the benefit is likeley to be greater than the harm it causes

Question 23

Deontological perspective

Answer 23

Emphasizes the importances of moral behaviour.