Week 1

Question 1

Where did Eurocentrism come from?

Answer 1

Philosophers and ideas of enlightenment/scientific innovation

Question 2

What was the philosopher Weber known for?

Answer 2

Creating categories that distinguished between ideal and non-ideal societies

Question 3

How did Parsons contribute to idea of eurocentrism?

Answer 3

Hierarchy where west was at the top and Africa at bottom. Justification for modernization in non-western societies.

Question 4

What were some European ideas that became standards for success as a result of beliefs in western superiority?

Answer 4

Industrialization, mass production, urbanization, and science based technology.

Question 5

Who were main types of people spreading eurocentrism in Africa?

Answer 5

Economic and political development theorists.

Question 6

How did certain civilizing missions affect African societies?

Answer 6

Caused struggle and African societies unjustly blamed for their misfortune.

Question 7

What is the Mercator map?

Answer 7

Popular map projection that gets general shape and distance of countries right, but countries closer to poles are enlarged.

Question 8

What is the gall peters map projection?

Answer 8

Gets size right but not shape.

Question 9

What does American Construct mean?

Answer 9

Man made

Question 10

What was the Robinson Projection of maps?

Answer 10

Tried to use most accurate shapes, to get them the most accurate they could be. (Couldn’t get them anymore accurate). Not a rectangle.

Question 11

What is the Winkel Tripel map projection?

Answer 11

Curved meridians and lines of latitude. Eliminates area direction and distance distortion.

Question 12

What do cartographers aim to preserve when creating map projections?

Answer 12

Conformality: Shape
Distance: Measured distance between objects
Area/Equivalence: Areas represented on map are proportionate to areas on earth
Direction: Angles of direction are portrayed accurately.

Question 13

What do cartographers aim to preserve when creating map projections?

Answer 13

Conformality: Shape
Distance: Measured distance between objects
Area/Equivalence: Areas represented on map are proportionate to areas on earth
Direction: Angles of direction are portrayed accurately.

Question 14

What determines North, South, East, West, and prime meridian?

Answer 14

Cultural preferences

Question 15

What determines North, South, East, West, and prime meridian?

Answer 15

Cultural preferences

Question 16

What was the main purpose of Mercator?

Answer 16

To navigate seas

Question 17

What was Ferdinand Magellan known for?

Answer 17

First circumnavigation of the world.

Question 18

Who was the most powerful and influential continent prior to Europe?

Answer 18

Asia- most technological advances, influential belief systems, richest trading networks

Question 19

Who were some powerful traders in Indian Ocean Region?

Answer 19

Muslim cities
Southeast Asia
China

Question 20

How did China establish dominance in the Indian Ocean?

Answer 20

Ming dynasty overthrew Mongol rule
Conquest

Question 21

What happened in the Pacific Ocean before Europe domination?

Answer 21

Southeast Asians discovered Oceania and developed unique Polynesian cultures. Became trading power, and established powerful political systems as well.

Question 22

What kinds of people explored the Atlantic?

Answer 22

Vikings
Southern Europeans
Africans
Amerindians

Question 23

Which countries started the maritime revolution?

Answer 23

Portugal and Spain

Question 24

What were some reasons Latin Europe decided to explore

Answer 24

Tensions with other nations
Stronger monarchy
Advances in technology
Spreading religion

Question 25

Why specifically did Portugal want to explore?

Answer 25

Anti-Muslim sentiment Fishing industry

Question 26

What stalled Spanish voyages?

Answer 26

Internal conflict (reconquest of Iberia from Muslims) Hesitance to find better way to. Asia than around Africa

Question 27

How did Spain and Portugal split the landto prevent conflict

Answer 27

Treaty of Tordesillas Spain got most of America Portugal got parts of Africa and Southern Asia

Question 28

What were interactions like between Portuguese and West Africa

Answer 28

Pretty good, established good trading networks and were in good terms with leaders. Exchanged natural resources from Portugal+ Asia in exchange for gold and slaves. Tried to establish Catholicism but failed. Left Kongo unstable due to out of hand slave trade.

Question 29

What happened between Ethiopia and Portugal when Portugal came to the ports of Ethiopia?

Answer 29

Ethiopia was trying to defend against the Muslims. Portugal eventually agreed to help, but alliance broke apart after religious conflict.

Question 30

What did Portugal do in the Indian Ocean?

Answer 30

Ruler decided wanted to be ruler of all the ocean. Wasn’t an open international trading port anymore when Portugal came in and many countries fell to Portugal. Still established trading networks with some countries. Imposed harsh restrictions on other ships

Question 31

Who facilitated the downfall of the Aztecs?

Answer 31

Hernan Cortez, formed fake alliance with moctezuma then captured the civilization and overthrew it.

Question 32

What did Portugal do to the Incas?

Answer 32

Francisco Pizarro executed Incas. Were able to survive on their own but effectively ruined by Portugal.

Question 33

What caused the protestant reformation?

Answer 33

Martin Luther rejected pope’s authority due to corrupt practices of church members in building the basilica.

Question 34

What invited which hunts in Europe?

Answer 34

Religious claims about devil Political strife Belief in witchcraft and sorcery Economic, political, cultural, and environmental issues

Question 35

What was enlightenment?

Answer 35

A period started that applied science and rational thinking to many aspects such as politics, economics, etc. Faced much opposition and challenged ideas.p

Question 36

What are the English civil wars?

Answer 36

Series of conflicts between monarchy and parliament. Resulted in Monarchy needing to be replaced and more reliance on power of parliament.

Question 37

What was the 30 years war and how did it affect warfare?

Answer 37

International conflict that caused devastated populations and economic decline in Roman Empire. Led to improved warfare

Question 38

What were the Anglo-Dutch wars?

Answer 38

Foreign wars over trading and competition because both were highly successful