WEEK 1 Flashcards
(23 cards)
What is Respectful Maternity Care?
Centered around individual. Respect their autonomy and gaining their full consent before doing anything.
What is included in Trauma Informed Care?
Trustworthiness and transparency, collaboration and mutuality, safety, peer support, empowerment, cultural historical and gender issues
What is the earliest biochemical marker of pregnancy and what kind of things does it indicate?
Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) from placenta. 7-10 days after conception. high = ectopic or multiple fetuses. low = miscarriage
When is urine most accurate and when do most people find out they are pregnant?
Urine most accurate early on in the day. People find out at 4-6 weeks.
How do to calculate estimated date of birth?
Ultra sound dating of gestational age, accurate early on. Nagele’s rule (first day of LMP, subtract 3 months, add 7 days and a year. OR add 7 days to LMP and count forward 9 months).
What are limitations to Nagele’s Rule?
Irregular menstrual cycles, diff ovulation and conception times.
What are some presumptive signs of pregnancy?
Breast changes, amenorrhea, nausea/vomiting, urinary frequency, fatigue, quickening.
What are probable signs of pregnancy?
Positive pregnancy test, Goodell sign (softening of cervical tip), Chadwick sign (violet-bluish colour of vaginal mucosa), Hegar sign (softening of lower uterine segments), ball of tement
What are positive signs of pregnancy?
Visualization of the fetus, FHR heard, fetal movements palpitated (19-22wk), fetal movement visible.
When is the fetus most susceptible to defects?
Early on in the first 8 wks as the neuro system is developing. Teratogen affect the development.
What are things used in a first trimester abortion?
Methotrexate and misprostol. Mifepristone and misoprostol.
What are methods of abortion in the second trimester?
Dilation and evacuation. Medical induction via prostaglandins, hypertonic and uterotonic agents.
What is parity?
Number of pregnancies where the fetus or fetuses have reached 20 weeks gestation.
What does GTPAL mean?
Gravida: total # of pregnancies regardless of outcome.
Term: total # previous pregnancies with birth occurring at or more than 37 wks.
Preterm: total # of preg with birth between 20-36+7 wks completed.
Abortus: total # of spontaneous or therapeutic abortions before 20 wks.
Living children: total # of living children
What are some physiological changes to the membrane during pregnancy?
Amnion (inner cell mb) that becomes the umbilical cord.
Chorion (outer cell mb) becomes the placenta.
What are some physiological changes to amniotic fluid during pregnancy?
Amniotic cavity first filled with fluid from maternal blood.
Amount of amniotic fluid increases during pregnancy (700-1000ml by term)
Oligohydraminos (less than 300ml/ renal abnormalities)
Polyhydraminos (more than 2000ml/ GI and other malformations)
How to measure amniotic fluid?
Symphysis fundal height, weight, ultrasound
What is the function of the amniotic fluid?
Constant body temperature, source of oral fluid and reposition for waste, cushion fetus from trauma, allows freedom of movement for MSK development, barrier to infection, allows lung development
What is the umbilical cord like in pregnancy?
Two arteries carry blood from embryo/fetus
One vein returns blood to fetus
At term the cord is 2cm thick and 30-90cm in length.
Wharton’s jelly is a connective tissue that prevents compression of blood vessles to ensure nourishment to embryo/fetus
Normally attached centrally to the placenta.
What does the placenta do in pregnancy?
Endocrine gland that produces 4 hormones to maintain pregnancy and support fetus: hCG, hPL, progesterone, estrogen
What is the frequency of traditional prenatal care?
Initial visit in first trimester.
Monthly visit until 28 wks
Visit every two weeks until 36wks
Weekly visits until birth
What are the options for prenatal care? (only significant ones)
Obstetrician (surgical)
Midwives (lowrisk pregnancy)
Doula (labour/postpartum)
