week 1

Question 1

what did Rene Descartes propose

Answer 1

• rationalism
• mind body dualism

Question 2

1.

rationalism

Answer 2

the use of reason and logic to gain knowledge

Question 2

mind-body dualism

Answer 2

the mind and body are conceptually separate

Question 3

cartesian dualiasm

Answer 3

the mind and body are conceptually separate but they interact

Question 3

what did John Locke propose

Answer 3

empiricism
- he disgarred with Descartes

Question 4

epiricisim

Answer 4

our knowledge of the world is constructed through experiences

Question 5

what did Gustav Fechner develop

Answer 5

psychophysics

Question 6

Fechner’s psychophysics

Answer 6

• uniting the mind and body mathematically
• converting human behaviour into numbers using experimental methods

Question 7

Wihelm Wundt

Answer 7

• opened first psych lab in Leipzig in 1879
• believed some phenomena could not be studied experimentally - volkerpsychologie

Question 8

Wundt’s experimental methods

Answer 8

• structuralism
• introspection

Question 9

structuralism

Answer 9

breaking down mental processes into their basic elements

Question 10

introspection

Answer 10

training people to objectively analyse the content of their own thoughts

Question 11

Darwin and psychology

Answer 11

• functionalism
• led to the systematic study of individual differences
• first scientific attempt to study emotions

Question 12

Francis Galton

Answer 12

• intelligence is inherited
• argued for eugenics

Question 13

Galton’s legacy

Answer 13

• questionnaires
• the normal distribution
• intelligence tests
• correlation
• twin study

Question 14

William James

Answer 14

• the father of american psychology
• wrote ‘the pricnciples of psychology’

Question 15

empirical

Answer 15

• verifiable by observation or experience rather than theory or pure logic
• obtained through systematic observations
• obsevations are interpreted and assempled into ‘laws’ and theories through the process of reasoning

Question 16

deductive reasoning

Answer 16

reasoning from general statements to a logical and figure out speicifc details and certain conclusion

Question 17

inductive reasoning

Answer 17

reasoning from a singular or specific statement to the probable validity of a conclusion

Question 18

Karl Popper

Answer 18

• induction rests on the assumption that ‘rules’ and ‘laws’ which held in the past will also hold in the future
• Popper’s philosphy points out the asymmetry between verification (proving) and falsification (disproving)