Week 1 Flashcards
(17 cards)
How does microbiology help with infection control?
Microbiology helps nurses develop infection control protocols, participate in reducing nosocomial infections and antibiotic resistance, and manage the spread of diseases.
What is nosocomial infection?
hospital-acquired infections that often arise from the hospital environment or invasive procedures.
Why was the Germ Theory of Disease important?
The Germ Theory of Disease established that microbes cause infectious diseases, replacing the previous belief in spontaneous generation.
What did Robert Koch contribute to microbiology?
Robert Koch formulated the four postulates for linking specific organisms to specific diseases.
What was Louis Pasteur’s contribution to microbiology?
Louis Pasteur disproved spontaneous generation, developed the germ theory of disease, invented pasteurization, and created vaccines for diseases like rabies.
What is the difference between spontaneous generation and the germ theory of disease?
Spontaneous generation suggested microbes arise from non-living matter
Germ theory states that microbes cause infectious diseases.
What did Francesco Redi prove about GERM THEORY?
Francesco Redi disproved spontaneous generation by showing that maggots do not arise spontaneously from meat.
How did Louis Pasteur disprove spontaneous generation?
Louis Pasteur used swan-necked flasks to show that microbes do not appear without exposure to air and that broth remains sterile unless exposed to dust.
What was the importance of handwashing in preventing infections?
Ignaz Semmelweis introduced handwashing with chlorinated lime water, drastically reducing mortality from childbed fever in hospital wards.
What role did Lister play in infection control?
Joseph Lister pioneered aseptic techniques, introducing the use of carbolic acid to disinfect instruments and wounds, which improved surgical outcomes.
What was the significance of Pasteur’s rabies vaccine?
Louis Pasteur developed the first rabies vaccine, made from dried spinal cord material from infected rabbits, to prevent rabies in humans.
What is the structure of SARS-CoV-2?
SARS-CoV-2 has a lipid envelope, with spike proteins (S) for attachment to ACE-2 receptors, a membrane protein (M), envelope protein (E), and nucleocapsid protein (N) protecting its RNA genome.
How does the spike protein (S) of SARS-CoV-2 facilitate infection?
spike protein (S) attaches to the ACE-2 receptors on host cells, enabling viral entry and release of the RNA genome for replication inside the host.
What is the role of the lipid envelope in SARS-CoV-2?
lipid envelope makes SARS-CoV-2 vulnerable to soap, as soap molecules disrupt the viral membrane, helping to neutralize the virus.
What does COVID-19 cause in the body?
fever, cough, shortness of breath (SOB), and in severe cases, pneumonia and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS).
What is the difference between viral and bacterial infections?
Viral infections are caused by viruses and usually require host cell machinery for replication
bacterial infections are caused by bacteria that replicate on their own.
What are common barriers to effective hand hygiene?
inconvenient sink locations, skin irritation from frequent washing, and insufficient hand sanitizer stations.
