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PTA - 410 > Week #1 > Flashcards

Week #1 Flashcards

(59 cards)

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1
Q

What are the core values and behaviors expected of a student PTA?

A

Consistently demonstrate core values and behaviors

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2
Q

What are the components of body functions and structures in the ICF model?

A

Physiologic or psychological functions of body systems or anatomical parts

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3
Q

Define impairments according to the ICF model.

A

Problems in the body function or structure

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4
Q

What is the definition of activity in the ICF model?

A

Execution of specific tasks or actions

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5
Q

What does participation refer to in the ICF model?

A

Involvement in life situations

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6
Q

What is meant by environmental factors in the ICF model?

A

Climate, terrain, architectural characteristics, etc.

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7
Q

What are personal factors in the ICF model?

A

Gender, age, coping styles, education, occupation, behaviors, etc.

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8
Q

What is hematology?

A

The study of the form and structure of blood and blood-forming tissues

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9
Q

What are the three main types of blood cells?

A
  • Erythrocytes (RBC)
  • Leukocytes (WBC)
  • Thrombocytes (platelets)
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10
Q

What is edema?

A

Excess fluid in the interstitial tissues or body cavities

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11
Q

What is congestion in terms of hematologic disorders?

A

Excess blood within the blood vessels of an organ or tissue

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12
Q

Define infarction.

A

Localized area of tissue death caused by insufficient arterial blood flow

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13
Q

What is lymphedema?

A

Chronic swelling of an area due to the buildup of interstitial fluid

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14
Q

What are ecchymoses?

A

Bruises

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15
Q

What are petechiae?

A

Tiny spots of bleeding under the skin

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16
Q

Define thrombus.

A

A solid mass of clotted blood within a blood vessel or chamber of the heart

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17
Q

What is an embolus?

A

A mass of solid, liquid, or gas that travels through the blood and lodges at a distant location

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18
Q

What is shock in the context of hematologic disorders?

A

Inability of the circulatory system to sustain sufficient pressure to perfuse organs

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19
Q

List the types of shock.

A
  • Hypovolemic
  • Cardiogenic
  • Reduced systemic vascular resistance
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20
Q

What are the signs of shock?

A
  • Weak and rapid pulse
  • Tachypnea
  • Cool skin
  • Decreased urine output
  • Orthostatic hypotension
  • Altered level of consciousness
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21
Q

How does aging affect hemoglobin and hematocrit levels?

A

Aging slightly decreases hemoglobin and hematocrit

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22
Q

What is a blood transfusion?

A

A procedure that involves giving donated blood or blood components to a patient

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23
Q

What should be monitored during a blood transfusion?

A

Patient’s temperature for adverse reactions

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24
Q

What is anemia?

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A

Reduction of the oxygen-carrying capacity of blood due to deficiencies in RBC quality or quantity

25
What are the common causes of anemia?
* Blood loss * Decreased production of RBC * Iron deficiency anemia
26
What is iron deficiency anemia?
Lack of iron results in small pale RBC
27
What is aplastic anemia?
Bone marrow cannot make enough new blood cells
28
What is sickle cell disease?
A disorder of RBCs characterized by sickle-shaped cells
29
What are the clinical manifestations of mild anemia?
Fatigue
30
What are the clinical manifestations of advanced anemia?
* Weakness * Dyspnea on exertion * Pallor * Tachycardia * Angina
31
What does a complete blood count (CBC) measure?
* Hematocrit * Hemoglobin * RBC count * WBC count * Platelets
32
What is leukocytosis?
An increase in leukocytes, commonly from infection and leukemia
33
What are the clinical manifestations of leukocytosis?
* Fever * Headache * Shortness of breath
34
What is leukopenia?
A decrease in leukocytes, most commonly neutrophils
35
What are the implications for the PTA regarding leukocytes?
* Monitor WBC levels in immunosuppressed patients * Maintain strict hand washing precautions
36
What is leukemia?
Malignant cancer of blood-forming cells
37
What are the two main types of leukemia?
* Acute leukemia * Chronic leukemia
38
What is Hodgkin’s Lymphoma (HL)?
Lymphatic cancer found in Reed-Sternberg cells of lymph nodes
39
What are common risk factors for Hodgkin’s Lymphoma?
* History of Epstein-Barr virus * History of immunosuppression * History of autoimmune disorder
40
What are the clinical manifestations of Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma (NHL)?
* Painless lymph node swelling * Fatigue * Fever
41
What are the common treatments for NHL?
* Chemotherapy * Radiation * Steroids
42
What is the most common clinical manifestation of Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma (NHL)?
Painless lymph node swelling ## Footnote Most common symptom observed in NHL patients.
43
What is the prognosis for Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma (NHL)?
5 year survival rate is 70% ## Footnote Indicates the percentage of patients surviving five years after diagnosis.
44
What are the treatment options for Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma (NHL)?
Depends on the severity/stage, can include: * Chemotherapy * Radiation * Steroids * Other medications ## Footnote Treatment plans are tailored to the individual based on disease stage.
45
What are the common clinical manifestations of Multiple Myeloma (MM)?
Common clinical manifestations include: * Fatigue with muscular weakness * Anemia * Bone pain * Bony lesions * Neurologic symptoms * Renal insufficiency * Elevated calcium * Recurring infections ## Footnote These symptoms can significantly affect quality of life.
46
What is the average age of diagnosis for Multiple Myeloma (MM) in men and women?
Average age is 69 for men and 71 for women ## Footnote Reflects the demographic most affected by MM.
47
What is the 5-year survival rate for Multiple Myeloma (MM)?
5 year survival rate is 52.2% ## Footnote Indicates prognosis for patients diagnosed with MM.
48
What are the key characteristics of Hemophilia A?
Lack of clotting factor VIII, accounts for 80% of all hemophilia cases ## Footnote Hemophilia A is the most common form of hemophilia.
49
What are the clinical manifestations of Hemophilia?
Clinical manifestations include: * Hemarthrosis * Muscle bleeding * Delayed bleeding after trauma/surgery * Easily bruised * Intracranial hemorrhage ## Footnote Symptoms vary in severity and can lead to serious complications.
50
What is the normal platelet count range?
Normal is 150,000-400,000/mm3 ## Footnote Thrombocytopenia is defined as a platelet count <150,000/mm3.
51
What are some causes of Thrombocytopenia?
Causes include: * Medications and supplements * Alcohol and drug use * Bacterial and viral infections * Thyroid disorders * Cancer ## Footnote Understanding the causes is crucial for proper management.
52
What is Sickle Cell Disease (SCD)?
An autosomal recessive disorder characterized by abnormal hemoglobin (Hb S) ## Footnote Results in sickle-shaped red blood cells, leading to various complications.
53
What are the life-threatening complications associated with Sickle Cell Disease (SCD)?
Two life-threatening thrombotic complications include: * Acute chest syndrome * Stroke ## Footnote These complications require immediate medical attention.
54
Fill in the blank: The most common inherited hematologic disorder is _______.
Sickle Cell Disease ## Footnote This condition primarily affects individuals of certain ancestries.
55
What is the role of exercise in managing Hemophilia?
Exercise can protect joints, enhance joint function, and decrease frequency of bleeding ## Footnote A properly designed exercise program is beneficial for patients.
56
What should be avoided in patients with Thrombocytopenia?
Aspirin and NSAIDs should be avoided ## Footnote Aspirin is a potent anticoagulant that can exacerbate bleeding.
57
What is the typical location for hemarthrosis in Hemophilia?
Typically in synovial joints, with the knee being the most frequent location ## Footnote Joint bleeding is a hallmark of hemophilia.
58
What laboratory tests are used to diagnose Hemophilia?
Diagnosis includes: * CBC (including platelets) * Prothrombin time (PT) * Activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) ## Footnote These tests help evaluate the blood clotting ability.
59
What are the implications for physical therapy in patients with Multiple Myeloma?
Anticipate: * Fatigue * Skeletal muscle wasting * Increased fall risk * Increased risk for fracture ## Footnote Understanding these factors aids in effective intervention planning.

PTA - 410 (1 decks)

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