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DRG3009 Image Critique > Week 1 > Flashcards

Week 1 Flashcards

(59 cards)

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1
Q

what are the description factors of #

A

CRAPS FAD
- closed/open
- rotational deformity
- articular surface involvement
- position of 2 major fragments
- site

  • fragments
  • angulation
  • direction
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2
Q

Salter-Harris Classification of physeal # Type I

A

straight across growth plate

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3
Q

Salter-Harris Classification of physeal # Type II

A

above growth plate

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4
Q

Salter-Harris Classification of physeal # Type III

A

below growth plate

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5
Q

Salter-Harris Classification of physeal # Type IV

A

2 or through growth plate

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6
Q

Salter-Harris Classification of physeal # Type V

A

erasure of growth plate / crushed

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7
Q

what is a torus / buckle indicative of

A

bulge in cortex

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8
Q

bowing is associated with __

A

bending of bone shaft

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9
Q

greenstick # is indicative of __

A

bending of shaft w/ # on convex surface

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10
Q

salter-harris classification is used when it involves __

A

growth plate

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11
Q

what are the # classifications

A

SCOT LOG
- spiral
- comminuted
- oblique displaced
- transverse

  • linear
  • oblique non-displaced
  • greenstick
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12
Q

what should be identified when explaining the site

A

specify bone and location (proximal / distal / middle) that is #’ed

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13
Q

what are considered closed #s

A

fracture fragment has not punctured skin & no open wound

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14
Q

what are considered open / compound #s

A

fracture fragment pierced skin

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15
Q

what are considered comminuted #s

A

> 2 fragments

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16
Q

what are considered impacted #s

A

one fragment driven into the other

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17
Q

what are considered transverse #s

A

perpendicular to long axis of bone

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18
Q

what are considered oblique #s

A

angled < 90 degrees to long axis of bone

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19
Q

what are considered spiral #s

A

curving & twisting along the bone

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20
Q

what are considered intra-articular #s

A

if joint surface is involved

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21
Q

what are considered displaced #s

A

displacement always described in relation to distal fragment

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22
Q

what are considered angulation #s

A

either direction in which apex of # points / to direction of tilt of distal fragment; easier to describe direction of tilt

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23
Q

why are rotational deformities most reliably diagnosed using clinical exams

A

difficult to show on radiographs

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24
Q

what are considered subluxations

Study These Flashcards
A

joint surfaces are no longer congruous but the articular surface of one bone maintains some contact with the articular surface of the adjacent bone

25
what are considered dislocations
articular surfaces at joint lost all contact with each other
26
Osteochondral fractures
Fracture of part of a joint surface
27
Avulsion fractures
occur when a small chunk of bone attached to a tendon or ligament gets pulled away from the main part of the bone
28
Stress fractures
occur when repeated forces on the bone are abnormally high
29
Pathological fractures
usually caused by a focal lesion
30
what are the appearances of # on xrays
- radiolucent (dark) line - alignment is undisplaced or displaced - discontinuity of cortical margins - impacted = increased bone density band - swelling of soft tissues
31
what is the 3 step approach to hands and fingers #
1. target precise clinical site of injury 2. search for # and for evidence of subluxation / dislocation 3. review relevant muscles and ligamentous attachments
32
PA wrist is a great view to evaluate ___
distal radius
33
standard radiographic measurements of PA wrist are __
1. radial height 2. radial inclination 3. ulnar variance
34
radial height
distance between 2 lines drawn perpendicular to long axis of radius (1 through distal tip of radial styloid, 1 through CRP)
35
radial inclination
angle between one line drawn perpendicular to long axis of radius & second line from tip of radial styloid to central reference point
36
radial inclination normally is between ___
20 - 25 degrees
37
radial height is normally ___
10 - 14 mm
38
ulnar variance
distance between line through CRP and line through distal articular surface of ulnar head
39
volar tilt is important measurement in evaluating ___
distal radius # and radial deformities
40
volar tilt is the angled between
line drawn perpendicular to the axis of the radial shaft, and a line that passes through the tips of the dorsal and volar rims
41
what findings are suggestive of #
- radial inclination change of > 5 degrees - radial shortening of > 5mm - volar tilt with dorsal angulation > 5 degrees
42
If the radial articular surface and/or ulna styloid process is not whole and intact, what is the diagnosis
undisplaced #
43
if the radial articular surface does not lies distal to the ulna, what is the diagnosis
suspect disruption at radio-ulnar joint
44
If the scapho-lunate distance is more than 2mm wide, what is the diagnosis
suspect tear of scapholunate ligament
45
In children, if the radial cortex shows signs of angulation or any suggestion of a localized bulge, what is the diagnosis
greenstick / torus #
46
If the radial articular surface is not intact, what is the diagnosis
undisplaced #
47
if the dorsal cortex of the distal radius is not smooth, what is the diagnosis
undisplaced #
48
if the palmar tilt of the radial articular surface is not normal, what is the diagnosis
suspected impacted #
49
If there is a bone fragment lying posterior to the carpal bones, what is the diagnosis
triquetral #
50
if the bone is not sitting in the cup of the lunate, what is the diagnosis
carpal dislocation involving lunate
51
If the scaphoid does not appear intact on each of the four views
#
52
If the distal radius is not intact with the styloid process
#
53
what does a displaced anterior fat pad mean
highly likely #
54
what does a displaced posterior fat pad mean
suspected #
55
RC line
line drawn down the neck of the radius should intersect the capitellum
56
If the humeral head is lying directly below the coracoid process, what is the diagnosis
anterior dislocation
57
if the humeral head does not have a walking stick shape, and does its articular surface parallel the glenoid margin
use the second view to rule out a posterior dislocation
58
If the AC joint is not normal (the inferior cortices of the clavicle and acromion process not align), what is the diagnosis
subluxation / dislocation at AC joint
59
if the coracoclavicular distance is more than 1.3 cm, what is the diagnosis
stretching or rupture of the cc ligaments

DRG3009 Image Critique (4 decks)

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