week 1 Flashcards
(20 cards)
What is Cross-cultural Communication?
An approach that assumes distinct cultural groups and compares their communicative practices. Example: British vs. Italian service staff responses to service failure.
What is Intercultural Communication?
Focuses on interactions between culturally distinct groups. Example: Korean shopkeepers and African-American customers in LA. Also used as an umbrella term for all three traditions.
What is Inter-discourse Communication?
Examines how culture is constructed and made relevant in discourse. Example: Representations of locals in travel writing.
How is Culture defined in intercultural communication research?
Culture is a complex and contested concept, often constructed through communication rather than existing beforehand.
How is Culture seen as an ideological construct?
It is invoked by social actors to reproduce social categories and boundaries.
What are the four dimensions of culture conceptualization?
Use, Content, Scope, and Status.
What does the Use dimension of culture refer to?
The context in which culture is invoked, e.g., tourism, business, or citizenship.
What does the Content of culture include?
High culture (arts, history), popular culture (cuisine, folklore), and identity practices (dress codes, relationships).
What is meant by the Scope of culture?
The unit culture refers to—often a nation, but can vary.
What does the Status of culture describe?
Whether culture is seen as a real entity (essentialist) or as constructed (constructionist).
What is an Entity understanding of culture?
Culture is something people have or belong to. Example: Hofstede’s ‘software of the mind’.
What is a Process understanding of culture?
Culture is performed and contested. Example: Brian Street’s view that ‘culture is a verb’.
How can culture be ‘done to us’?
Others may treat us as cultural representatives, thus enacting culture upon us.
What is Banal Nationalism?
Daily, unnoticed practices that reproduce national identity (e.g., flags in weather forecasts, national anthems).
What is Multiculturalism?
A perspective that celebrates cultural diversity and supports minority recognition over assimilation.
What is Orientalism?
A way of asserting dominance by stereotyping and controlling the ‘Orient’ or cultural other.
What is Identity Politics?
Movements focused on cultural recognition of marginalized groups rather than traditional ideological or party lines.
What is the Hidden Curriculum?
Unspoken values and norms taught through schooling, including national socialization.
What is Small Culture (Holliday)?
Focuses on cultural practices in specific social groups (e.g., family, workplace) rather than national cultures.
What are Super-diversity, Metrolingualism, and Translanguaging?
Sociolinguistic terms capturing the complex, hybrid nature of identity and language use in globalized urban contexts.
