Week 1 & 2: INTRODUCTION Flashcards by Ruth Joy De Guzman

What is definitive host?

It is type of host which the adult sexual phase of parasite development occurs

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Two types of parasites accdg to clinical significance

diagnostic stage
infective stage

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Parasitic stage of development that is seen in clinical samples when examined in the laboratory

Diagnostic stage

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Parasitic stage of development that is infectious or able to cause disease to the host upon exposure

Infective stage

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period between
infection and evidence of
infection and specimen
becomes positive in
presence of parasite.

Biologic incubation
period / Pre-patent
period

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period between
infection and prevalence
of symptoms.

linical incubation
period -

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the parasite is only seen on
the surface of this organism and there will be no development on the
parasite.

MECHANICAL
/PHORETIC
VECTOR

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Example of mechanical vector

cockroaches, house flies

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the parasite is seen inside the
body of this organism and the parasite
needs this organism for its development

Biological vector

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Examples of biological vector

mosquitoes, tsetse flies

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Example of eradication

Guinea worm

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2 types of incubation period

biologic incubation
clinical incubation

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Parasites live in the surface of the skin

infestation

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Parasite lives inside the human body

infection

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when an individual harboring a parasite is
reinfected with the same species leading
to massive infection of the parasite

Superinfection/Hyperinfection

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when the infected person is his own direct source of re-exposure.

Autoinfection/Autoreinfection

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when two different parasite
enters the human body

Coinfection

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type of incubation that would give positive result

Biologic incubation

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type of incubation that would give negative result

Clinical incubation

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Example of superinfection

Strongyloides stercoralis

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Example of autoinfection

Enterobius vernicularis

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found in an organ
which it is not its usual habitat

Erratic parasites

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need a host for
complete development such as Taenia

Obligate parasites

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Infestation

Ectoparasites

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Infection

Endoparasites

Examples of ectoparasites

ticks, lice, flies

Examples of endoparasites

Ascaris lumbricoides

Depend entirely upon their host for existence

OBLIGATE PARASITE

exist in a free-living state or may become parasitic when the need arises

FACULTATIVE PARASITE

establishes itself in a host where it does not Originally live

Incidental parasites

Female parasite capable of reproducing eggs without being fertilized by male parasite and whose eggs contain larva that immediately hatches.

PARTHENOGENETIC PARASITE

Example of facultative parasite

acanthamoeba

Example of Incidental parasites

Dipylidium caninum

Example of Parthenogenetic parasite

Strongyloides stercoralis

Passes digestive tract of humans without infecting them.

Spurious/Coprozoic

Example of coprozoic

commensal amoeba

Parasite multiply in fecal matter outside the human body

coprophilic

example of coprophilic

ciliates

Example of hematozoic

Plasmodia

Live inside the red blood cells

hematozoic

Live inside the cells or tissues.

Cytozoic

Example of cytozoic

Leishmania

Live in body cavities

Coelzoic

Live in the intestine

Enterozoic

Examples of enterozoic

Ascaris

Example of coelzoic

Trichomonas tenax

Remains on the host on almost their entire life

Permanent

Example of permanent parasites

Taenia solium

Lives in human for a short period of time

Temporary

Example of temporary parasites

Plasmodia

Visit host to obtain nutrients

Intermittent

Example of intermittent parasites

Mosquitoes

living together; the association of two living organisms

Symbiosis

association of two different species of organisms that is beneficial to one and neutral to other.

commensalism

association of two different species of organisms that is beneficial to both

mutualism

association of two different species of organisms that is beneficial to one at the other’s expense.

parasitism

example of ingestion of contaminated food and water

-Ascaris - taenia - cyst of entamoeba histolytica

example of hand - mouth transfer

eggs of ascaris lumbricoides

Example of insect bites

Plasmodia

EXAMPLE OF ENTRY VIA DRILLING THROUGH THE SKIN OR SKIN PENETRATION

Hookworm

Example of Unprotected sexual relation

Trichomonas vaginalis

Example of mouth to mouth contact

Trichomonas tenax

Example of eating raw

E.ilocanum ( snails ) - C.philippinensis ( fish ) - D.latum ( fish ) - T.saginata ( beef ) - T.solium ( pork )

Example of domestc animals

Dipylidium caninum

Life cycle under this are monoxenous

Direct life cycle

Example of direct (life cycle)

- ascaris - hookworm

These are heteroxenous and requires more than 1 host

Indirect life cycle

host that harbors parasites that do not develop further into its final stage; no continuation of life cycle

Paratenic host

host in which the larval asexual phase of parasite development occurs

Intermediate host

Permanent reduction to zero of the worldwide incidence of infection

Eradication