Week 1

Question 0

What Are the functional components of the foot?

Answer 0

Rear foot
Mid foot
Forefoot

Question 1

What are the functions of the foot?

Answer 1

Shock absorption
Adaptation to surfaces
Propulsion

Question 2

True or false

Axis of rotation are perpendicular to the cardinal planes

Answer 2

False

Question 3

True or false

You have simultaneous movement in all three planes?

Answer 3

True
All interlocking
If you impact one you impact them all

Question 4

What are the key Triplanar articulations of the foot?

Answer 4

Talocrural 
Subtalor (STJ)
Midtarsal (MTJ) 
First ray
Fifth ray

Question 5

What bones make up the talocrural articulation?

Answer 5

Tibia
Fibula
Talus

Question 6

How many degrees of action does the talocrural have for DF

Answer 6

12-20 degrees

Question 7

How many degrees of action does the talocrural have for PF?

Answer 7

50-56

Question 8

What bones make up the articulation for the subtalor joint?

Answer 8

Calcaneus

A Talus

Question 9

What action does the subtalor do?

Answer 9

Supination

Pronation

Question 10

What bones make up the Midtarsal articulation?

Answer 10

Composite joint- two joints together
Talus and navicular
Calcaneus and cuboid

Question 11

What action does the Midtarsal bone do?

Answer 11

Two separate axes
Forefoot PF/DF
Forefoot ADD/ ABD

Question 12

What actions does the first ray perform?

Answer 12

PF with eversion

DF with Inversion

Question 13

The first ray is how many degrees from sagittal and frontal?

Answer 13

45 degrees

Question 14

The fifth ray is how many degrees from transverse and sagittal?

Answer 14

Axis = 20 degrees from transverse, 35 degrees from sagittal

Question 15

What are the actions of the fifth ray?

Answer 15

Eversion with PF

Inversion with DF

Question 16

True or false

When the forefoot is neutral it is perpendicular to the calcaneus?

Answer 16

True

Question 17

When the calcaneus is neutral and the forefoot is supinated or inverted what is the position of the forefoot?

Answer 17

Forefoot Varus

Question 18

How is Forefoot Varus measured?

Answer 18

Measured by middle three rays

1st & 5th may be compensating or have deformity

Question 19

When the calcaneus is neutral and the forefoot is pronated or everted
What is the position of the forefoot?

Answer 19

Forefoot valgus

Question 20

How is forefoot valgus measured?

Answer 20

Measured by middle three rays

1st & 5th may be compensating or have deformity

Question 21

If you have a rigid PF 1st Ray deformity what is the position of the calcaneus?

Answer 21

Puts calcaneus in Varus

Question 22

If you have forefoot Varus with flexible 1st Ray deformity what is the position of the calcaneus?

Answer 22

Puts calcaneus in valgus

Question 23

Transverse rotation internal and external rotation affects what units of the foot?

Answer 23

One unit :
Lower leg
Rearfoot
Mid foot 
Forefoot

Question 24

What are some characteristics of a internal rotatory deformity?

Answer 24

``` Tibial internal rotation Calcaneal valgus Mid foot pronation Forefoot abduction Flat footed pes planus Medial soles worn out ```

Question 25

What does Oregonians mean?

Answer 25

Walk like a duck

Question 26

What are the characteristics of an external rotatory deformity?

Answer 26

``` Tibial external rotation Mid foot supination Calcaneal Varus Forefoot adduction (pigeon toed) "High arches"- pes cavus Susceptible to lateral ankle sprains Lateral soles worn out ```

Question 27

What does IRD do to the knee?

Answer 27

Valgus moment at knee Genu valgum Medial collateral laxity Lateral compartment compression

Question 28

What does ERD do to the knee?

Answer 28

Varus moment at knee Genu Varum Lateral collateral laxity Medial compartment compression

Question 29

What can cause IRD and ERD deformities?

Answer 29

``` Boney anomalies Joint laxity Ligaments and tendons Muscle weakness Muscle imbalance Spasticity Hypertonicity ```

Question 30

What biomechanical tools can orthotists use to correct and control IRD and ERD?

Answer 30

Three point force systems and ground reaction forces

Question 31

True or false | With 3 point force systems the longer the lever arm the less force required to correct?

Answer 31

True