Week 1-3

Question 1

Infection resulting from healthcare delivery in any setting while receiving treatment for another condition

Answer 1

Healthcare associated infection

Question 2

From environment or personnel
Exogenous or endogenous

Answer 2

Exogenous

Question 3

From patient
Exogenous or endogenous

Answer 3

Endogenous

Question 4

Are these these considered HAIs or not
Infection present on admission
Trans- placental infection
Reactivación of latent infection

Answer 4

No

Question 5

Most common HAI’s
CAUTI, CCI, VAP, CLABSI, C. DIFF, MDRO

Answer 5

Catheter- associated urinary tract infection
Surgical site infection
Ventilator associated pneumonia
Central Line- associated blood stream infection
Clostridium difficile disease
Multiple drug resistant organisms
MRSA, VRE, ESBLs, PRSP, MDRTB

Question 6

What is the 2024 National patient safety goal

Answer 6

To promote specific patient safety improvement and to reduce HAI/ infection with hand hygiene

Question 7

Link of chain of infection:
Pathogens and normal flora that become pathogenic are considered

Answer 7

Infectious agents

Question 8

Link of chain of infection:
Where pathogens live and multiple, may be living.
Humans, animals, insects.
May be non living
Food, floors, equipment, contaminated water

Answer 8

Reservoir

Question 9

Link of chain of infection:
Via
Body fluids
Coughing, sneezing, diarrhea
Seeping wounds
Tubes, IV lines

Answer 9

Portal of exit

Question 10

Link of chain of infection:
Contact
Direct: touching, kissing, sexual contact
Indirect: contact with a comité

Droplet: cough, sneeze

Airborne: via air, conditioning, sweeping

Answer 10

Mode of transmission

Question 11

Link of chain of infection:
- Eye, nares, mouth, vagina, cuts, scrapes
- Wounds, surgical sites, IV, or drainage tube sites
-Bite from a vector

Answer 11

Portal of entry

Question 12

Link of chain of infection:
Person with inadequate defense
4 determining factors
- Virulence
- Organisms ability to survive in the host’s environment
- Number of organisms
- Hosts defenses

Answer 12

Susceptible host

Question 13

Stages of infection:
From time of infection until manifestation of symptoms; can infect others

Incubation, prodromal, illness, decline, convalescence

Answer 13

Incubation

Question 14

Stages of infection:
Appearance of vague symptoms, not all diseases have this stage

Incubation, prodromal, illness, decline, convalescence

Answer 14

Prodromal

Question 15

Stages of infection:
Signs and symptoms present

Incubation, prodromal, illness, decline, convalescence

Answer 15

Illness

Question 16

Stages of infection: Number of pathogens decline
Incubation, prodromal, illness, convalescence

Answer 16

Decline

Question 17

Type of infection: Occurs in a limited region in the body (eg, UTI)
Systemic or local

Answer 17

Local

Question 18

Type of infection: spread via blood or lymph
Affects many regions (ex, sepsis)

Local or systemic

Answer 18

Systemic

Question 19

Type of infection:
Rapid onset or short direction (ex. Common cold)

Answer 19

Acute

Question 20

Type of infection
Slow development. Long duration (ex. Arthritis)

Answer 20

Chronic

Question 21

Type of infection:
Infection prevent with no discernible symptoms (HIV/ AIDS)

Answer 21

Latent

Question 22

is a subsequent infection that develops after a primary infection has weakened the immune system, making the person more susceptible to another pathogen; essentially, a occurs because of the initial primary infection.

Answer 22

Secondary infection

Question 23

Tier ___: __________ Precautions
- Contact, droplet, airborne
- Always used with standard precautions
- More than 1 type used when warranted

Answer 23

Tier 2: transmission based precautions

Question 24

Tier__: ___________ precautions
- Used for all patients regardless of diagnosis
- To prevent pathogen transfer between HCWs/ Patients

Answer 24

Tier 1: standard precautions

Question 25

To prevent infection in immune compromised pt:

Answer 25

Protective isolation practices

Question 26

Precaution type: Indications: - Known/ suspected infection spread via contact - Colonized with NDRO - Excessive drainage, incontinence Implementation - Gloves and gown always worn in room - Face PPE if indicated - Private room or cohort; dedicated equipment - Transport patient for essential purposes only - Family/ visitors gown/ glove per facility policy

Answer 26

Contact Precautions

Question 27

Type of precaution: Indication: infection spread by large particle droplets Implementation: - Surgical mask worn within 3 feet of patient - Private room preferred - Patient wears surgical mask if transport required

Answer 27

Droplet precautions

Question 28

Type of precautions: Indication: Infection spread through air over long distances Implementation - Private negative- airflow room preferred - Door remains closed - N95 respiratory mask worn when entering room (fit testing required)

Answer 28

Airborne precautions

Question 29

Type of precautions Indication: - High susceptibility to infection Implementation: - Private room - Meticulous hand hygiene - Visitors restricted - No plants/ flowers/ standing water - Avoid fresh fruit, raw milk products, raw honey, processed meats, mold foods (ex. Blue cheese)

Answer 29

Protective isolation/ Neutropenic precautions

Question 30

Official profession organization for nurses in the US Standards of practice

Answer 30

American Nurses Association (ANA)

Question 31

Establishes and maintains a universal standard of education

Answer 31

National legue for nursing (NLN)

Question 32

Represents nursing students

Answer 32

National Student nurses association (NSNA)

Question 33

A practicing nurse is aware that continuing education courses may be required for license renewal. Which organization can require nurses to obtain a specified amount of continuing education courses? 1. ANA 2. National League for nursing (NLN) 3. Sigma Theta Tau 4. State Board of Nursing

Answer 33

4. State board of nursing

Question 34

An experiences nurse uses knowledge of a patient medical conditions and intuition to identify patient problems. The nurse often fulfills the role of a resource for other nurses on the unit. At this point, which stage of proficiency has this nurse achieved? 1. Novice 2. Advanced Beginner 3. Competent 4. Expert

Answer 34

4. Expert

Question 35

Face- to face interaction focused on patient’s concerns to increase patient well- being Empathy, respect, genuineness, concrétenles, confrontation

Answer 35

Characteristics of therapeutic communication

Question 36

Type of question: Encourage further discussion Give patient control

Answer 36

Open ended question

Question 37

Type of question: - Restricts response choices - Lessen patients control - Goal directed

Answer 37

Closed question

Question 38

False reassurance Giving advice Changing the subject Moralizing Patronizing Stereotyping Interrogating Disapproving Approving Talking to much about yourself Non- professional involvement Nosy questions

Answer 38

Non therapeutic communication