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NPTE PREP > Week 1-3 Review (neuro) > Flashcards

Week 1-3 Review (neuro) Flashcards

1
Q

agnosia

A

inability to recognize familiar objects with one sense (ex: sight)

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2
Q

akinesia

A

inability to initiate movement (common in Parkinson’s)

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3
Q

apraxia

A

inability to perform previously learned task (ideational = doesn’t get it, ideomotor = cannot do the task)

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4
Q

asynergia

A

inability to move muscles together in a coordinated manner

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5
Q

athetosis

A

slow, worm-like, twisting motions (common in CP)

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6
Q

causalgia

A

painful, burning sensations common in CRPS type 1

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7
Q

chorea

A

rapid, involuntary, jerky movements (common in Huntington’s)

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8
Q

decorticate rigidity

A

contraction of UE flexors and LE extensors (damage of motor tracts above red nucleus in midbrain)

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9
Q

dysdiadochokinesia

A

impaired rapid alternating movements (common in cerebellar disorders)

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10
Q

dysmetria

A

inability to judge distances (common in cerebellar dysfunction)

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11
Q

Horner’s syndrome

A

drooping of eyelid, constriction of pupil, lack of sweating (damage to sympathetic tract)

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12
Q

somatagnosia

A

lack of awareness of relationship of one’s own body parts or the body parts of others

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13
Q

homonymous hemianopsia

A

damage to optic TRACT (loss of half of visual FIELD)

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14
Q

bitemporal hemianopsia

A

damage to optic CHIASM (loss of peripheral vision), tunnel vision

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15
Q

monocular blindness

A

damage to the optic NERVE (loss of vision in one eye)

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16
Q

MCA stroke deficits

A
  • MOST COMMON STROKE
  • contralateral sensory/motor deficits in FACE and UE
  • aphasia (dominant)/perceptual problems (non-dom)
  • contralateral homonymous hemianopsia
  • main branch –> global aphasia
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17
Q

ACA stroke deficits

A
  • sensory/motor deficits in LE
  • urinary incontinence
  • mental deficits (confusion, amnesia, apathy, short attention span)
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18
Q

PCA stroke deficits

A
  • visual deficits (HH, visual agnosia, prosopagnosia)
  • aphasia
  • thalamic pain syndrome
  • hemiplegia if cerebral peduncle involved
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19
Q

vertebral-basilar stroke deficits

A
  • locked-in syndrome (quadriparxsis and bulbar palsy) or death from edema
  • other symptoms: vertigo, coma, diplopia, nausea, dysphagia, ataxia, cranial nerve impairments
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20
Q

anterior inferior cerebellar stroke deficits

A
  • Horner’s syndrome, lateral gaze deficits, unilateral deafness
  • contralateral loss of pain and temperature
  • vertigo, ataxia, nystagmus
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21
Q

superior cerebellar stroke deficits

A
  • severe ataxia
  • contralateral loss of pain and temperature
  • dysarthria, dysmetria
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22
Q

posterior inferior cerebellar stroke deficits

A
  • Wallenberg’s syndrome (vertigo, nausea, hoarseness, dysphasia, ptosis)
  • impairment of sensation in ipsilateral face and contralateral torso and limbs
  • possible Horner’s syndrome
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23
Q

flexion synergy UE

A

scapular elevation and retraction
shoulder abduction and external rotation
elbow flexion
forearm supination and wrist/finger flexion

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24
Q

flexion synergy LE

A

hip flexion, abduction, external rotation
knee flexion
ankle dorsiflexion and inversion
great toe extension

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25
Q

commonalities between flexion and extension synergies

A

wrist/finger flexion and ankle inversion

26
Q

perceptual problems with R sided stroke

A
  • irritable, poor safety awareness, impulsive

- L neglect, impaired learning, spatial relationships impaired

27
Q

perceptual problems with L sided stroke

A
  • anxious, slow, difficulties initiating, perseveratory

- aphasia, apraxia

28
Q

Ranchos Los Amigos Levels

A
  1. no response
  2. general response
  3. localized response
  4. confused agitation
  5. confused inappropriate
  6. confused appropriate
  7. automatic appropriate
  8. purposeful appropriate
29
Q

obtunded

A

difficult to arouse, may be confused when awake

30
Q

stupor

A

only able to be aroused with strong, noxious stimuli and returns to unconscious state when stimulation stops

31
Q

three mechanisms of secondary tissue destruction in SCI

A

ischemia, edema, demyelination/destruction(too much calcium in cells)

32
Q

brown squared syndrome is ___section of spinal cord

A

hemisection

33
Q

autonomic dysreflexia occurs in SCI above ___

A

T6

34
Q

heterotrophic bone formation

A

new bone forms in muscles or connective tissue below SCI lesion (1-4 months after injury)

35
Q

ALS has what motor and sensory symptoms

A

both upper and lower motor symptoms and little/no sensory symptoms

36
Q

ALS typical presentation

A

distal to proximal asymmetrical muscle weakness, dysarthria/dysphagia are common presenting signs

37
Q

Bell’s palsy

A

facial nerve paralysis from inflammation. presentation dependent on branch of nerve affected

38
Q

is GBS peripheral or central

A

peripheral –> flaccid

39
Q

is MS peripheral or central

A

central –> spastic

40
Q

PD core symptoms

A

rigidity
bradykinesia
resting tremor
postural instability

41
Q

MS heat or cold intolerance??

A

heat intolerance

42
Q

two neuromuscular junction disorders (NMJD) – both are considered acquired

A 
myasthenia gravis (postsynaptic)
lamber-eaton myasthenic syndrome (LEMS) (presynaptic
43
Q

myopathy is proximal or distal??

A

proximal first

44
Q

polyneuropathy is proximal or distal??

A

distal first except GBS

45
Q

thalamic pain is a result of what type of stroke?

A

posterior cerebral artery

46
Q

CRPS 1 vs. CRPS 2

A

in CRPS 1 there is no nerve injury, in CRPS 2 there is a nerve injury involved

47
Q

radiculalgia

A

neuralgia of nerve roots

48
Q

myofascial pain syndrome (MPS)

A

persistent, deep aching pains in muscle
nonarticular in origin
trigger points

49
Q

fibromyalgia

A

widespread pain

nonarticular rheumatic disease

50
Q

agonist reversal

A

resistance through both concentric and eccentric phase (glute bridge)

51
Q

approximation promotes stability or mobility?

A

stability by stimulating afferent nerves to facilitate postural extensors

52
Q

rhythmic initiation

A

PROM -> AAROM -> AROM (think scapula)

53
Q

rhythmic stabilization

A 
both patterns (agonist and antagonist)
*this is what we learned in class
54
Q

exteroceptive stimulation

A

facilitation or inhibition of muscles

55
Q

motor plan vs. program

A

a motor plan is the overall strategy for movement, made up of multiple Motor programs coordinated

56
Q

flaccid bladders occur at what level

A

below S2

57
Q

athetoid CP results from

A

basal ganglia involvement

58
Q

asthenia

A

general muscle weakness

59
Q

dysmetria

A

inability to control the range of movement and force of muscular activity

60
Q

dystonia

A

similar to athetosis but more proximal (axial) movement compared to peripheral

NPTE PREP (2 decks)

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