Week 1

Question 1

What does DNA stand for?

Answer 1

Deoxyribonucleic acid

Question 2

What does DNA determine for different organisms?

Answer 2

Characteristics (how your body looks and functions)

Question 3

Is DNA an element, compound or ion?

Answer 3

Compound

Question 4

Is DNA found in all organisms the same?

Answer 4

They have the same structure but they are different

Question 5

Name the molecules that make up DNA?

Answer 5

Nucleotides

Question 6

Name the three main parts that nucleotides are made up of?

Answer 6

Phosphate group
Deoxyribose sugar group
One of four nitrogen rich bases

Question 7

Describe the shape of a DNA molecule?

Answer 7

The nucleotides in DNA are arranged in a way that makes DNA look like a double helix (looks like a twisted rope ladder)

Question 8

What are the ladder uprights of DNA composed of?

Answer 8

Phosphate and deoxyribose sugar

Question 9

What are the ladder steps of DNA composed of?

Answer 9

The four bases

Question 10

Name the nitrogen-rich bases?

Answer 10

Adenine
Thymine
Guanine
Cytosine

Question 11

Are all of the bases exactly the same, explain?

Answer 11

No, they have different chemical structures

Question 12

Name the two base pairing combinations?

Answer 12

Adenine and thymine

Guanine and cytosine

Question 13

What is the part of the DNA molecule that bases attach to?

Answer 13

Deoxyribose sugar group

Question 14

In between the deoxyribose sugar groups you will find what?

Answer 14

Phosphate groups

Question 15

Bases are joined to each other using _____________ base pairing.

Answer 15

Complementary

Question 16

What element are bases rich in?

Answer 16

Nitrogen

Question 17

DNA is sometimes referred to as the “blueprint of life”, why would this be?

Answer 17

DNA is the genetic blueprint or recipe for making all living things

Question 18

Where are chromosomes found in cells?

Answer 18

The nucleus

Question 19

Describe the structure of a chromosome?

Answer 19

Long, thin and threadlike

Question 20

What are chromosome made of?

Answer 20

DNA and protein

Question 21

How many chromosomes are found in most human cells?

Answer 21

46

Question 22

How many chromosomes are found in sperm and egg cells?

Answer 22

23

Question 23

How many chromosomes are found in red blood cells?

Answer 23

0 (they don’t have a nucleus)

Question 24

Do all organisms have the same number of chromosomes in their cells as humans?

Answer 24

No

Question 25

What is a gene?

Answer 25

Sections of DNA that control one piece of inherited information. There can be over 1000 genes in a single chromosome.

Question 26

How is one gene different to another?

Answer 26

The genetic code and length of of the DNA strand

Question 27

What is a genetic code?

Answer 27

The order of bases along the DNA strand

Question 28

What do proteins control?

Answer 28

Many characteristics or functions in the body

Question 29

What chemicals are combined to make proteins?

Answer 29

Amino acids

Question 30

Cells have the ability to _________ and make exact copies of their DNA.

Answer 30

Replicate

Question 31

Before cells do this to the DNA they must have doubled.

Answer 31

Divide

Question 32

These types of cells only contain half of the number of chromosomes that other cells contain.

Answer 32

Sperm and egg

Question 33

Before DNA is able to produce new strands it must do this process.

Answer 33

Unzip

Question 34

List the following in order of increasing size and justify your answer: Nucleus, gene, chromosome, cell, tissue

Answer 34

``` Gene, chromosome, nucleus, cell, tissue Tissues are made up of cells Cells (except for red blood cells) contain a nucleus Nucleuses contain chromosomes Chromosomes are made up of DNA Genes are sections of DNA ```

Question 35

What do both plant and animal cells have in common?

Answer 35

Nucleus Cytoplasm Cell membrane

Question 36

When was DNA found and who by?

Answer 36

1868 | Friedrich Miescher

Question 37

Francis Crick, James Watson and Maurice Wilkins received what prize in what year for determining what in what year?

Answer 37

Nobel prize 1692 Structure of DNA 1953

Question 38

What does soap/detergent/extraction solution do to a cell?

Answer 38

Raptures the outer part of the cell

Question 39

What helps separate DNA from other cellular chemicals?

Answer 39

Salt

Question 40

What does cooling help protect DNA from?

Answer 40

Enzymes that normally don't bother the DNA. The cold temperature helps slow the enzymes down

Question 41

How does the last cooling help DNA?

Answer 41

It helps solidify and precipitate.