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Clin Phase 2 > Week 1-4 > Flashcards

Week 1-4 Flashcards

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1
Q

What muscles with MFTP mimic C8 radiculopathies?

A

LATs, Pecs, and serratus anterior

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2
Q

What muscles with MFTP can mimic C6 radiculopathy?

A

Scalenes, supraspinatus, subclavius, infraspinatus

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3
Q

What are the common causes of neck and arm symptoms?

A

Disc herniation, osteophytes, and stenosis

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4
Q

If there is no radicular symptoms, what are the top Ddxs for neck pain combined?

A

Facet syndrome, sprain, strain, disc derangement, fracture, joint dysfunction, muscle spasm

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5
Q

What are the traumatic ddxs for neck?

A

Sprain, strain, facet syndrome, fracture, disc derangement

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6
Q

What are the non-traumatic ddxs for neck pain?

A

Facet syndrome, disc derangement, sprain, strain, joint dysfunction, myospasm

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7
Q

How can the arm squeeze test help us diagnose when there is both neck and arm symptoms?

A

If the difference in pain score is greater than 3 in the ARM it indicates the lesion is compressing the NR

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8
Q

What are the indications for x-rays?

A

Trauma (with Ottawa rules), red flags for disease, significant SMR deficits, nerve damage, progressive muscle weakness

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9
Q

What are the red flags for disease?

A

Unexplained weight loss, change in appetite, fever, fatigue, maliase

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10
Q

What are the signs of cord involvement?

A

Hypereflexia, hypersensitivity, Changes in bowel or bladder habits, urinary incontinence, saddle parasthesia, changes in pain sensation

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11
Q

What are the indications for an MRI?

A

Progressive muscle weakness, cord involvement, neurological deficits, profound muscle weakness

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12
Q

How can you treat discs?

A

McKenzie and Neuro mobilization exercises

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13
Q

What are the symptoms for disc derangement?

A

Arm symptoms improve with repetitive or sustained end range movements, flexion sensitivity, positive valsalva, aggravated by compression, relieved by distraction

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14
Q

What is the common age range for disc herniations and derangement?

A

40-60

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15
Q

What is the difference between disc derangement and herniation?

A

If there is nerve damage, it is a herniation. If there is not, call it a derangement

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16
Q

What is the clinical prediction rule for facet syndrome?

A

Lack of a P-A glide (better specifity), tenderness on facet (better sensitivity), and recreating pain with extension and rotation (better sensitivity)

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17
Q

What are the cervical big 5?

A

ULTT, valsalva, compression, distraction, shoulder abduction

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18
Q

What creates tension on the NR?

A

ULTT, shoulder abduction, shoulder depression, any other TOS tests

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19
Q

What is the difference between AOM and OME?

Study These Flashcards
A

AOM is frequently due to a bacterial infection and presents as SICK (fever, effusion, redness of tympanic membrane) and OME presents as sick (no fever, effusion, and retracted tympanic membrane).

20
Q

How do you determine viral and bacterial rhino sinusitis?

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A

If symptoms last 10 days or longer, it is bacterial. Bacterial also has what is considered a double sickening around day 5.

21
Q

What is rhinosinusitus?

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A

The common cold

22
Q

What are the treatment options for rhinosinusitus?

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A

Nasal specific therapy, manipulation, saline irrigation, nasal specific therapy, intranasal corticosteroid sprays

23
Q

What muscles are common causes of TOS?

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A

Pec, scalenes, and subclavius

24
Q

What are the types of TOS?

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A

Neurogenic, vascular and nonspecific

25
What ancillary studies are needed to diagnose a true neurogenic TOS?
EMG and nerve conduction study
26
What are the two types of vascular TOS?
Arterial and venous
27
How do you distinguish between the two types of vascular TOS?
Arterial- red, cold, splinter hemorrhages, decreased radial pulse, asymmetry of BP Venous- edema, cyanosis, heaviness in the arm, distended veins
28
What can cause TOS besides tight muscles?
Cervical ribs
29
What are the TOS tests?
Roos, eden’s, hyperabduction, Tinel’s, Allen’s and Adson’s
30
What are the treatment options for nonspecific TOS?
Stretch pec/ scalene, adjust, cupping, massage, at home work: corner stretches, scalene stretches, or tennis ball to knots
31
What is the B list for causing arm and neck symptoms?
Structural instability, SOL, infection, NR adhesions, trauma to the NR directly
32
What orthopedic tests distinguish between a sprain and a strain?
Muscle testing and PROM
33
How are sprains and strains different?
Strains with have painful or weak muscle testing | Sprains will have painful or limited PROM in midrange
34
How do you grade strains?
Grade 1 is pain with contraction Grade 2 is weakness and pain with contraction, potential for bruising or a palpable defect Grade 3 has no resistance to muscle testing, marked swelling/ bruising/ palpable defect
35
How do you grade sprains?
Grade 1- pain only at end range, mild swelling, no gross instability Grade 2- pain on stress of tissue before end range, generalized swelling, mild laxity, localized bruising Grade 3- gross instability, generalized swelling, bruising, loss of ROM
36
What are the Canadian-Nexus rules for x-rays?
Trauma + over 65 A dangerous mechanism of injury Trauma + paresthesia in the extremities Trauma + painful distracting injury elsewhere Trauma + altered level of awareness or intoxication Trauma + patients with known vertebral disease Trauma + inability to rotate >45 total Trauma + Midline cervical tenderness Focal neurological deficit
37
What is a dangerous mechanism of injury?
A fall from a height, an axial load, a high speed collision, or a motorcycle or bicycle accident
38
What are known vertebral diseases?
Diseases that increase risk of fracture or predispose to instability: fusions, stenosis, RA, AS, down’s, marfan’s, klippel- feil
39
What is Rust’s sign?
Patient feels like they have to always support their neck, especially in transition movements
40
What is a Davis series?
A complete 7 view study of the neck (AP, APOM, Lateral, Obliques, and Flex-Ext
41
What is the nerve family for biceps reflex?
C5 and C6
42
What is the nerve family for brachioradialis reflex?
C6 and C5
43
What is the nerve family for Triceps reflex?
C7 and C8
44
What is the nerve family for patellar reflex?
L4 and L3
45
What is the nerve family for medial hamstring reflex?
L5 and S1
46
What is the nerve family for Achilles reflex?
S1 and S2

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