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ECU Articulation & Phonation > Week 1 > Flashcards

Week 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What is Phonetics?

A

An objective system for describing and recording the sounds of a language

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2
Q

What is Phonology?

A

The study of how a language uses sounds to distinguish words from each other

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3
Q

What are Diacritics?

A

Symbols that notated fine distinctions in pronunciation

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4
Q

What are the steps used to produce speech?

A

Air moves from Alveolar Spaces (Lungs) ->

Through the Trachea ->

Through the Glottis ->

Vibrates Vocal Folds ->

Resonanates in Pharynx & Nasal Cavities ->

Shaped by Articulators

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5
Q

What do we call sounds produced by almost entirely stopping the air stream?

A

Consonants

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6
Q

How do we characterize consonants?

4

A

Manner of articulation

Place of articulation

Voicing

Nasality

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7
Q

What are all the Manners of Articulation in English?

6

A

Stops

Fricatives

Affricates

Nasals

Approximants/Laterals

Glides/Semivowels

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8
Q

What are the Stops in English?

7

A

p + b

t + d

k + g

ʔ

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9
Q

What are the Fricatives in English?

9

A

f + v

s + z

θ + ð

ʃ + ʒ

h

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10
Q

What are the Affricatives in English?

2

A

tʃ + dʒ

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11
Q

What are the Nasals in English?

3

A

m

n

ŋ

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12
Q

What are Approximate?

A

Sounds created by narrowing the airs stream

Are very sonorant

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13
Q

What is a Lateral Approximate?

How is it produced?

A

/ l /

Touching the tongue to the alveolar ridge allowing the air to pass along its sides

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14
Q

What is a Central Approximate?

How is it produced?

A

/ r /

Raising the sides of the tongue allowing the air to flow down the center

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15
Q

What is a Palatal Glide?

A

/ y /

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16
Q

What is a Labio-Velar Glide?

A

/ w /

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17
Q

What are all the PLACES of Articulation in English?

7

A

Bilabial

Labiodental

Interdental

Alveolar

(Alveo) Palatal

Velar

Glottal

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18
Q

What are all the Bilabial sounds in English?

3

A

p + b

m

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19
Q

What are all the Labiodental sounds in English?

2

A

f + v

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20
Q

What are all the Interdental sounds in English?

2

A

θ + ð

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21
Q

What are all the Alveolar sounds in English?

7

A

t + d

s + z

n

l + r

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22
Q

What are all the (Alveo) Palatal sounds in English?

4

A

ʃ + ʒ

tʃ + dʒ

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23
Q

What are all the Velar sounds in English?

3

A

k + g

ŋ

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24
Q

What are all the Glottal sounds in English?

2

A

h

ʔ

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25
Q

What is an Articulatory Description?

4

A

Describing:

  • Place
  • Manner
  • Voicing
  • Nasality
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26
Q

What are sounds that are produced with smooth, unobstructed airflow?

A

Vowels

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27
Q

How do we distinguish Vowels?

4

A

Tongue Height

Front vs. Back

Lip Rounding

Tense vs. Lax

28
Q

How do we distinguish Tongue Height?

4

A

High

Mid

Low

Back

Intermediate

29
Q

What are High Vowels?

2

A

i

u

30
Q

What are Mid Vowels?

3

A

e

o

ə

31
Q

What are Low Vowels?

2

A

æ

ɑ

32
Q

What are Intermediate Vowels?

5

A

ɪ + ɛ

ʊ + ɔ

ʌ

33
Q

What are the Front Vowels?

5

A

i

ɪ

e

ɛ

æ

34
Q

What are the Back Vowels?

5

A

u

ʊ

o

ɔ

ɑ

35
Q

What are the Central Vowels?

4

A

ʌ

ə

ɜʳ

əʳ

36
Q

What Vowels are Unrounded?

8

A

i + ɪ + e + ɛ + æ

ɑ

ʌ + ə

37
Q

What Vowels are Rounded?

4

A

u + ʊ + o + ɔ

38
Q

What Vowels are Tense?

6

A

i + e

u + o + ɔ + ɑ

39
Q

What Vowels are Lax?

6

A

ɪ + ɛ + æ

ʊ

ʌ + ə

40
Q

What are Diphthongs?

A

Vowels with a change in mouth configuration

41
Q

What are the Diphthongs in English?

5

A

ɔɪ

ɑʊ

ɑɪ

eɪ

oʊ

42
Q

How does /ɔɪ/ move?

A

Mid back -> high front lax

43
Q

How does /ɑʊ/ move?

A

Low back -> high lax rounded

44
Q

How does /ɑɪ/ move?

A

Low back -> high front lax

45
Q

What happens to vowels before voiced consonants?

A

They lengthen

46
Q

What sounds in English have high Sonority?

6

A

Vowels

l + r

m + n + ŋ

47
Q

What is a syllable?

A

A nucleus (N - usually a vowel) followed by an optional onset (O) and a coda (C)

48
Q

What do you can a Nucleus + a Coda?

A

A Rhyme

49
Q

What do we call words with repeating Onsets?

A

Alliteration

50
Q

What do we call words with repeating Nuclei?

A

Assonance

51
Q

What is a Foot?

A

1 stressed syllable + 1-2 unstressed syllables

52
Q

What is an Iambic Foot?

A

Unstressed + Stressed

to-DAY

53
Q

What is a Trochaic Foot?

A

Stressed + Unstressed

PER-son

54
Q

What is an Anapestic Foot?

A

Unstressed + Unstressed + Stressed

in-ter-VENE

55
Q

What is a Dactylic Foot?

A

Stressed + Unstressed + Unstressed

PER-son-al

56
Q

What is a Spondaic Foot?

A

Stressed + Stressed

BASE-BALL

57
Q

What is the basic phonological unit used to distinguish between words?

A

Phoneme

58
Q

What do we call two words that differ by a single phoneme?

A

Minimal Pairs

59
Q

What do we call two variant ways of producing a phoneme that does not alter meaning?

What can these also be called?

(3)

A

Allophones

Non-Distinctive

Non-Contrastive

60
Q

What do we call Allophones that occur in different contexts of environments where another could not?

A

Complementary Distribution

Non-aspirated /t/ in “stop”

61
Q

What do we call the rules that dictate when to use a certain Allophone?

A

Phonological Rules

Vowels become nasalized before nasal consonants

62
Q

What do we call a rules which govern a change in a phoneme’s features?

A

Feature Changing Rules

non-nasal -> nasal, aspirated -> non-aspirated, short -> long, etc

63
Q

What do we call the rules which govern the removal of sound segments?

A

Segment Deletion Rules

“Ask Katie” becomes /æs keɪtɪ/

64
Q

What do we call the rules that reverse the sequence of sound segments?

A

Metathesis Rule

“ask” used to be pronounced /æks/

65
Q

What do we call the rules that change a phonemes features due to its phonetic environment?

A

Assimilation Rules

Vowels become nasalized before nasal consonants

ECU Articulation & Phonation (1 decks)

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