Week 1

Question 1

What is Phonetics?

Answer 1

An objective system for describing and recording the sounds of a language

Question 2

What is Phonology?

Answer 2

The study of how a language uses sounds to distinguish words from each other

Question 3

What are Diacritics?

Answer 3

Symbols that notated fine distinctions in pronunciation

Question 4

What are the steps used to produce speech?

Answer 4

Air moves from Alveolar Spaces (Lungs) ->

Through the Trachea ->

Through the Glottis ->

Vibrates Vocal Folds ->

Resonanates in Pharynx & Nasal Cavities ->

Shaped by Articulators

Question 5

What do we call sounds produced by almost entirely stopping the air stream?

Answer 5

Consonants

Question 6

How do we characterize consonants?

4

Answer 6

Manner of articulation

Place of articulation

Voicing

Nasality

Question 7

What are all the Manners of Articulation in English?

6

Answer 7

Stops

Fricatives

Affricates

Nasals

Approximants/Laterals

Glides/Semivowels

Question 8

What are the Stops in English?

7

Answer 8

p + b

t + d

k + g

ʔ

Question 9

What are the Fricatives in English?

9

Answer 9

f + v

s + z

θ + ð

ʃ + ʒ

h

Question 10

What are the Affricatives in English?

2

Answer 10

tʃ + dʒ

Question 11

What are the Nasals in English?

3

Answer 11

m

n

ŋ

Question 12

What are Approximate?

Answer 12

Sounds created by narrowing the airs stream

Are very sonorant

Question 13

What is a Lateral Approximate?

How is it produced?

Answer 13

/ l /

Touching the tongue to the alveolar ridge allowing the air to pass along its sides

Question 14

What is a Central Approximate?

How is it produced?

Answer 14

/ r /

Raising the sides of the tongue allowing the air to flow down the center

Question 15

What is a Palatal Glide?

Answer 15

/ y /

Question 16

What is a Labio-Velar Glide?

Answer 16

/ w /

Question 17

What are all the PLACES of Articulation in English?

7

Answer 17

Bilabial

Labiodental

Interdental

Alveolar

(Alveo) Palatal

Velar

Glottal

Question 18

What are all the Bilabial sounds in English?

3

Answer 18

p + b

m

Question 19

What are all the Labiodental sounds in English?

2

Answer 19

f + v

Question 20

What are all the Interdental sounds in English?

2

Answer 20

θ + ð

Question 21

What are all the Alveolar sounds in English?

7

Answer 21

t + d

s + z

n

l + r

Question 22

What are all the (Alveo) Palatal sounds in English?

4

Answer 22

ʃ + ʒ

tʃ + dʒ

Question 23

What are all the Velar sounds in English?

3

Answer 23

k + g

ŋ

Question 24

What are all the Glottal sounds in English?

2

Answer 24

h

ʔ

Question 25

What is an Articulatory Description? | 4

Answer 25

Describing: - Place - Manner - Voicing - Nasality

Question 26

What are sounds that are produced with smooth, unobstructed airflow?

Answer 26

Vowels

Question 27

How do we distinguish Vowels? | 4

Answer 27

Tongue Height Front vs. Back Lip Rounding Tense vs. Lax

Question 28

How do we distinguish Tongue Height? | 4

Answer 28

High Mid Low Back Intermediate

Question 29

What are High Vowels? | 2

Answer 29

i u

Question 30

What are Mid Vowels? | 3

Answer 30

e o ə

Question 31

What are Low Vowels? | 2

Answer 31

æ ɑ

Question 32

What are Intermediate Vowels? | 5

Answer 32

ɪ + ɛ ʊ + ɔ ʌ

Question 33

What are the Front Vowels? | 5

Answer 33

i ɪ e ɛ æ

Question 34

What are the Back Vowels? | 5

Answer 34

u ʊ o ɔ ɑ

Question 35

What are the Central Vowels? | 4

Answer 35

ʌ ə ɜʳ əʳ

Question 36

What Vowels are Unrounded? | 8

Answer 36

i + ɪ + e + ɛ + æ ɑ ʌ + ə

Question 37

What Vowels are Rounded? | 4

Answer 37

u + ʊ + o + ɔ

Question 38

What Vowels are Tense? | 6

Answer 38

i + e u + o + ɔ + ɑ

Question 39

What Vowels are Lax? | 6

Answer 39

ɪ + ɛ + æ ʊ ʌ + ə

Question 40

What are Diphthongs?

Answer 40

Vowels with a change in mouth configuration

Question 41

What are the Diphthongs in English? | 5

Answer 41

ɔɪ ɑʊ ɑɪ eɪ oʊ

Question 42

How does /ɔɪ/ move?

Answer 42

Mid back -> high front lax

Question 43

How does /ɑʊ/ move?

Answer 43

Low back -> high lax rounded

Question 44

How does /ɑɪ/ move?

Answer 44

Low back -> high front lax

Question 45

What happens to vowels before voiced consonants?

Answer 45

They lengthen

Question 46

What sounds in English have high Sonority? | 6

Answer 46

Vowels l + r m + n + ŋ

Question 47

What is a syllable?

Answer 47

A nucleus (N - usually a vowel) followed by an optional onset (O) and a coda (C)

Question 48

What do you can a Nucleus + a Coda?

Answer 48

A Rhyme

Question 49

What do we call words with repeating Onsets?

Answer 49

Alliteration

Question 50

What do we call words with repeating Nuclei?

Answer 50

Assonance

Question 51

What is a Foot?

Answer 51

1 stressed syllable + 1-2 unstressed syllables

Question 52

What is an Iambic Foot?

Answer 52

Unstressed + Stressed to-DAY

Question 53

What is a Trochaic Foot?

Answer 53

Stressed + Unstressed PER-son

Question 54

What is an Anapestic Foot?

Answer 54

Unstressed + Unstressed + Stressed in-ter-VENE

Question 55

What is a Dactylic Foot?

Answer 55

Stressed + Unstressed + Unstressed PER-son-al

Question 56

What is a Spondaic Foot?

Answer 56

Stressed + Stressed BASE-BALL

Question 57

What is the basic phonological unit used to distinguish between words?

Answer 57

Phoneme

Question 58

What do we call two words that differ by a single phoneme?

Answer 58

Minimal Pairs

Question 59

What do we call two variant ways of producing a phoneme that does not alter meaning? What can these also be called? (3)

Answer 59

Allophones Non-Distinctive Non-Contrastive

Question 60

What do we call Allophones that occur in different contexts of environments where another could not?

Answer 60

Complementary Distribution | Non-aspirated /t/ in "stop"

Question 61

What do we call the rules that dictate when to use a certain Allophone?

Answer 61

Phonological Rules | Vowels become nasalized before nasal consonants

Question 62

What do we call a rules which govern a change in a phoneme's features?

Answer 62

Feature Changing Rules | non-nasal -> nasal, aspirated -> non-aspirated, short -> long, etc

Question 63

What do we call the rules which govern the removal of sound segments?

Answer 63

Segment Deletion Rules | "Ask Katie" becomes /æs keɪtɪ/

Question 64

What do we call the rules that reverse the sequence of sound segments?

Answer 64

Metathesis Rule | "ask" used to be pronounced /æks/

Question 65

What do we call the rules that change a phonemes features due to its phonetic environment?

Answer 65

Assimilation Rules | Vowels become nasalized before nasal consonants