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Image and Communication > WEEK #1 > Flashcards

WEEK #1 Flashcards

1
Q

What is semiotics ?

A

Science of signs within society

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2
Q

What is language ?

A

System of signs that express ideas with two components : langue and parole

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3
Q

What is langue ?

A

System of language that is internalized by a given speech community

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4
Q

What is parole ?

A

The individual art of speech

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5
Q

What are signs ?

A

Signs are made up of signifiers and siginified. They can be words, images, sounds, gestures, objects

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6
Q

What can be signifiers ?

A

Sound or image

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7
Q

What can be signified ?

A

Concept or meaning

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8
Q

What are Arts made up of ?

A

Arts combine visual signs and linguistic principles

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9
Q

What is symbolism ?

A

A literary movement that spread to painting in the 1880’s

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10
Q

What can aesthetics be ?

A

Texture, colour, light

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11
Q

How is Art understood ?

A

Art is generally understood as any activity or product done by people with a communicative or aesthetic purpose.

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12
Q

What is semiotics/semiology ?

A

Semiology is the science which study the role of signs as part of social life (Saussure)

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13
Q

What does semiotics do ?

A

Semiotics investigates the nature of signs and the laws governing them

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14
Q

According to Saussure, what is the signified ?

A

The concept it represents.

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15
Q

According to Saussure, what is the signifier ?

A

The form which the sign takes.

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16
Q

According to Saussure, what is the sign ?

A

The sign is the whole thing that results from the association of the signifier with the signified.

17
Q

According to Pierce, what is a sign ?

A

A sign is something which stands for something in respect or in capacity for…”

18
Q

According to Pierce, what is a sign composed of ?

A

A sign is composed of the representamen, object and interpretant.

19
Q

What is the representamen (Pierce) ?

A

It is the form which the sign takes (not necessarily material)

20
Q

What is the object (Pierce) ?

A

It is to which the sign refers

21
Q

What is the interpretant ? (Pierce)

A

It is the idea, interpretation in mind

22
Q

How many classes of signs are there ?

A

3 : symbol, icon and index

23
Q

What is a symbol ?

A

signifier does not ressemble the signified (fundamentally arbitrary or purely conventional)

24
Q

What is an icon ?

A

Signifier is perceived as resembling or imitating the signified (e.g. open : face, door)

25
Q

What is an index ?

A

Signifier is directly connected/ in relationship in some way (physically or causally) to the signified

26
Q

When did photojournalism start ?

A

1925

27
Q

When did the first photograph was taken ?

A

1826-27

28
Q

What are the basic features of codes ?

A

All codes have a paradigmatic (they are members of a category) and syntagmatic (the chaining together of the paradigmatic) dimension. All codes convey meaning. Codes depend upon agreement between their users. (EG red traffic)

29
Q

What are the two types of codes ?

A

Representational and presentational

30
Q

What is a representational code ?

A

The codes that are used to create texts; something that stands for something else independent of its encoder

31
Q

What is a presentational code ?

A

Limited to face to face communication through orientation, gestures, eye movement, proximity, facial expressions, and other examples of “body language”.

32
Q

What is a myth (Barthes) ?

A

It is the dominant ideology of the time. It is when connotation/ meanings become “natural”. Meaning of a myth changes with time periods.

33
Q

What is encoding/decoding ? (Stuart)

A

A message is encoded with one meaning but may be decoded as another. The reading of a text may be read (decoded) in 3 different ways : dominant, negotiated and oppositional.

Image and Communication (2 decks)

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