Week 1 Flashcards
(25 cards)
Name and locate the 9 abdominal regions
Right hypochondriac, Epigastric, Left hypochondriac, Right lateral/flank, Umbilical, Left lateral/flank, Right inguinal, Pubic/Hypogastric, Left inguinal
Name some organs in the right upper quadrant
R liver, gallbaldder, pylorus of stomach, duodenum, head of pancreas, right kidney and suprarenal, right colic flexure, ascending superior colon, right transverse colon
Name some organs in the left upper quadrant
L liver, spleen, stomach, jejunum, proximal ileum, body/tail of pancreas, left kidney and suprarenal, left colic flexure, left transverse colon, superior descending colon
Name some organs in the right lower quadrant
Cecum, appendix, most ileum, inferior ascending colon, right ovary/uterine tube, R ureter, R spermatic cord
Name some organs in the left lower quadrant
Sigmoid colon, inferior descending colon, L ovary/uterine tube, L ureter, L spermatic cord
Which plane of the abdomen occurs at the level of T9?
Xiphisternal
Which plane of the abdomen occurs at the level of L1?
Transpyloric
Which plane of the abdomen occurs at the level of L3 and the transverse colon?
Subcostal
Which plane of the abdomen occurs at the level of L5?
Transtubercular
Which plane of the abdomen occurs at the level of S2?
Interspinous
Which plane of the abdomen occurs at the level of the pubic tubercles?
Suprapubic
List the layers of the anterior abdominal wall (superficial to deep).
Skin, Camper’s fascia, Scarpa’s fascia, Superficial investing fascia, External oblique, Intermediate investing fascia, Internal oblique, Deep investing fascia, Transversus abdominus, Transversalis fascia, Extraperitoneal fat, Parietal peritoneum
What is the function of the three “flat” muscles of the anterior abdominal wall (external oblique, internal oblique, transversus abdominis)?
Flexion/lateral flexion, rotation, compression of abdominal cavity (valsalva maneuver)
What is the function of rectus abdominis?
Compression of abdominal viscera, depression of ribs, stabilization of pelvis
Provide general innervation of the anterior abdominal musculature
Generally-thoracoabdominal nerves (T7-11), ilioinguinal and iliohypogastric nerves, in some cases subcostal n.
Arcuate line
Marks the transition where there is no longer a posterior rectus sheath; the tranversalis fascia and rectus abdominis are in direct contact below this line.
Iliohypogastric nerve (L1)
innervates internal oblique, transversus abdominis
Ilioinguinal nerve (L1)
innervates inguinal canal, internal oblique, transversus abdominis, mons pubis
sensory: medial thigh, scrotum, labia
Midline incision
made along linea alba from xiphoid to pubic symphysis; good incision due to poor vascular/nervous supply, but may be subject to necrosis or slow healing for same reason
Paramedian incision
along linea semilunaris from costal margin to iliac crest; generally a good incision but must stay aware of epigastric a.
Subcostal incision
Parallel and slightly inferior to costal margin; access to gallbladder and spleen
Suprapubic incision
At pubic hair line/horizontal with slight convexity; common for OBGYN surgery, must be aware of iliohypogastric/ilioinguinal nerves
Umbilical hernias
congenital or acquired, more common in males and obese individuals
Epigastric hernias
Smaller than umbilical, more common in obese individuals
