Week #1 Flashcards
(24 cards)
Traditional theories of Crime
‘Malestream’
- Anomie
- Differential Association
- Control Theory
- Labelling Theory
- New Criminology
how have women been othered in soc?
Lombroso & Born Criminal • Women much less likely to commit crimes than men because of special biological traits. • If a woman committed a crime, was seen as a "monster."
Pollack & Masked Nature • “Dual-focus” theory • Crimes involve sex, cunning or deceit Result of passive role in sex • “Inferior status” of women is biologically determined
what is the generalizability problem?
• Generalizability problem
what is the gender ratio problem?
three theories to address
chivalry
emancipation (convergence)
power and control
explain chivalry theory
.
explain emanciipation (convergence) theory
.
explain power and control theory
.
what does feminist empericism do?
Bring women into the mix (reformulate mainstream theories) • Understand women’s experiences • Bring women into the mix (reformulate mainstream theories) • Understand women Understand women s experiences ’s experiences • Widom • VIOLENCE
Explain transgressive criminology
1980's CACSW (Canadian advisory council on the status of women) - vicious circle about womens abuse 1990's Violence against women adressed
How many women experience violence?
68% physically abused as children or
adults
• 53% sexually abused in lives
How many AB women experience violence?
Aboriginal Women
• 90% - physically abused
• 61% - sexually abused
what is mutual combat?
.
explain presumptive arrests
.
explain the cycle of poverty and crime
family violence = running from family violence = unable to work for truancy and detection = forced to streets = criminal activity
explain standpoint feminism
• Women – experts = ‘Voice’ • Themes – violence, loss, neglect • Gender scripts • Women – experts = ‘Voice’ • Themes – violence, loss, neglect • Gender scripts • Gender entrapment • Relation between victimization and criminalization
explain pathways research
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what are categories of criminal women
- Street women
- Harmed & harming women
- Battered women
- Drug-connected women
- “Other” women
explain routes to crime
• Routes to Crime • Street woman – economic survival • Childhood abuse or neglect • Relationship with violent man • Familial drug involvement or selling • Feminization of Poverty – structured inequality
explain victim/offender dualism
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explain blurred boundaries
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explain postmodern feminism
• Rejects absolute ‘truth’ • Draws attention to the importance of discourse • Not ‘criminal women’, but ‘criminalized women’ • Foucault – ‘Disciplinary Society’ • ‘Governmentality’ – contain, control, exclude
what is the neoliberal perspective
Smaller, meaner gaze (1990’s): • Individualism • Freedom of choice • Market dominance • Minimal state involvement
what is neo con perspective
- Tradition
- Order
- Authority & hierarchy
• Leads to: • Get tough • Zero-tolerance • Super max, boot camps
what does parson say about violent women
• Pearson’s Challenge: • ‘Violence human, not gendered phenomena’ • Pearson’s Challenge: • ‘Violence human, not gendered phenomena phenomena ’ • Violence is a conscious choice • Homolka • Ellard
