Week 1

Question 1

What is radiology?

Answer 1

The branch of medicine responsible for the use of radiant energy, radiant substances, and non ionizing studies

Question 2

What are the radiant substances used in radiology?

Answer 2

• Radioactive isotopes

* Ionizing radiation

Question 3

What are the non ionizing studies used in radiology?

Answer 3

• Sonography

* MRI

Question 4

____ is the most common modality for bone and joint disorders

Answer 4

Conventional radiography is the most common modality for bone and joint disorders

Question 5

What are the advantages of conventional radiography?

Answer 5

• First order diagnostic study
• Little risk
• Time effective
• Cost effective

Question 6

How does a standard/conventional radiographs produce images?

Answer 6

Images are produced on a sensitive plate or film using a dispersion of X-rays, gamma rays or similar radiation.

Question 7

Where does radiation pass through a person?

Answer 7

Radiation passes through patient where there is attenuation/changed or blocked

Question 8

What does the amount of attenuation for a pt depend on during radiology?

Answer 8

Dependent on density of tissue

Question 9

What happens with the remnant radiation during a standard radiograph?

Answer 9

Remnant radiation is incepted by receptor and creates visual image

Question 10

What are the effects of radiation on the body?

Answer 10

• Neural atoms gains or loses an electron
• Disrupts composition of matter
• Disrupts life process

Question 11

What is air kerma?

Answer 11

The amount of radiation that is absorbed in the absence of scatter/ by just the air

Question 12

What is a dose-area product?

Answer 12

The integral of air kerma for an entire x-ray beam, based on the amount of radiation emitted

Question 13

What is an absorbed dose/CT dose?

Answer 13

Dose of radiation from the primary beam that is emitted plus scatter from surrounding slices and is expressed in units of Gray-Gy.

(Energy that is deposited in patient)

Question 14

What is an equivalent dose?

Answer 14

The absorbed dose adjusted by weighting factor of type of radiation and is expressed in units of Sieverts-Sv

Absorbed dose that is adjusted for harmful effects

Question 15

What is the weighting factor of CTs and Xrays?

Answer 15

1 Sv

Question 16

What is an effective dose?

Answer 16

An adjustment of equivalent dose based on tissue susceptibility to ionizing radiation, also expressed in (Sv)

Equivalent dose that is adjusted for the harm that it causes to different tissues

Question 17

What part of the body must we be more careful of during radiography and why?

Answer 17

The abdominal region, d/t the organ’s susceptibility to absorb radiation

Question 18

What is the yearly limit of radiation for nuclear workers?

Answer 18

20 mSv

Question 19

What is the average dose of radiation from a full body CT scan?

Answer 19

10 mSv

Question 20

What is the yearly dose of radiation that an average airline crew gets?

Answer 20

9 mSv

Question 21

What is the amount of radiation from a single mammogram?

Answer 21

3 mSv

Question 22

What is the average yearly background radiation dose in the UK?

Answer 22

2 mSv

Question 23

What is the amount of radiation in a single chest xray?

Answer 23

0.1 mSv

Question 24

At what level of radiation is the higher risk of cancer noticeable?

Answer 24

100 mSv

Question 25

___ is responsible for the images we see in a radiograph

Answer 25

*Radiodensity* is responsible for the images we see in a radiograph

Question 26

What is radiodensity?

Answer 26

Physical qualities of an object that determine how much radiation it absorbs

Question 27

What is radiodensity based on?

Answer 27

* Composition: effective anatomic number or volume density | * Thickness

Question 28

The greater the atomic number, volume density and/or thickness, the ____ the radiodensity. What does that mean?

Answer 28

The greater the atomic number, volume density and/or thickness, the *greater* the radiodensity. A greater radiodensity = less radiation getting through

Question 29

What are the characteristics of a radiolucent image?

Answer 29

* Mostly associated with air * Minimal absorption * Presents in a black color

Question 30

What are the characteristics of a radioopaque image?

Answer 30

* Mostly associated with heavy metal * High radiodensity * Presents in a white/clear color

Question 31

At least how many images should be available when looking at conventional radiographs?

Answer 31

Always at least 2

Question 32

What is the quality of a conventional radiograph based on?

Answer 32

* Density: Blackening of image * Contrast: Difference among adjacent densities * Detail: Geometric sharpness or accuracy * Distortion: Difference between actual object and its recorded image. size and shape

Question 33

What is the sensitivity and specificity of wrist fractures and radiographs?

Answer 33

* Sensitivity= 0.58 | * Specificity= 0.99

Question 34

What is the sensitivity and specificity of lumbar fractures and radiographs?

Answer 34

* Sensitivity= 0.73 | * Specificity= 0.99

Question 35

What is the sensitivity and specificity of bony metastasis and radiographs?

Answer 35

* Sensitivity= 0.6 | * Specificity= 0.99

Question 36

What is the sensitivity and specificity of Partial RTC tear and a MRI?

Answer 36

* Sensitivity= 0.67-0.83 | * Specificity= 0.99

Question 37

What is the sensitivity and specificity of stress fractures and radiographs?

Answer 37

* Sensitivity= 0.12-0.56 | * Specificity=0.88-0.96