Week 1

Question 1

PPE

Answer 1

personal protective equipment

ex) lab coats, gloves, safety goggles, face mask, chem apron

Question 2

Common types of microscopes

Answer 2

compound binocular light microscope

Question 3

coccus

Answer 3

round

Question 4

bacillus

Answer 4

rod

Question 5

spirillum

Answer 5

spiral

Question 6

aseptic technique

Answer 6

without contamination

Question 7

inoculation

Answer 7

transfer of microbe from one medium to another

Question 8

tool used for bacterial inoculation

Answer 8

wire loop

Question 9

sterilized

Answer 9

free of any type of germs

Question 10

how is a wire loop sterilized?

Answer 10

by passing through the flame of a bunsen burner until it is red hot

Question 11

isolation streak plate

Answer 11

to separate individual bacteria from mixtures. so that individual colonies are achieved

Question 12

bacterial colony

Answer 12

visible mass of microbes stemming from a single cell

Question 13

staph—–

Answer 13

grape like clusters

Question 14

strep

Answer 14

straight

Question 15

bacterial smearing

Answer 15

a thin layer of bacteria placed on a slide for staining

Question 16

electric charge on all biological membranes

Answer 16

net neg charge

Question 17

what type os stains are mostly used for making bacterial staining?

Answer 17

basic stains w a net pos charge

Question 18

3 broad categories for staining technique

Answer 18

1 simple
2 differential
3 structural

Question 19

simple staining

Answer 19

• uses only 1 dye/stain

- only allows for observation of shapes + arrangement

Question 20

differential staining

Answer 20

• type of staining that uses 2 or more stains

- allows for the ID of specific groups of organisms

Question 21

Gram Staining is developed by ____

Answer 21

Christian Gram in late 1800’s

Question 22

Gram Staining

Answer 22

-differentiates bacteria based on their cell wall structure

gram pos/gram neg

Question 23

gram stain initial dye

Answer 23

crystal violet

Question 24

gram stain mordant

Answer 24

iodine helps binds the crystal violet more securely

Question 25

gram stain decolorizer

Answer 25

alcohol | -the differential step

Question 26

gram stain counter stain

Answer 26

safranin

Question 27

microbiome

Answer 27

- genetic material of all the microbes - bacteria, fungi, Protozoa, and virus- that live on and inside the body. - microbiome is 200x the number of henes

Question 28

diseases linked w gut bacteria

Answer 28

``` 1 inflammatory bowel disease 2 irritable bowel syndrome 3 obesity 4 type 2 diabetes 5 cancer ```

Question 29

gelatin

Answer 29

water soluble protein (polypeptide) derived from collagen which is a component of connective tissue

Question 30

gelatinase

Answer 30

type of enzyme released by bacteria which digests/liquifies gelatin

Question 31

which species of staphylococci liquify gelatin?

Answer 31

staph aureus

Question 32

starch

Answer 32

- abundant naturally occurring plant polysaccharide such as potato - mixture amylose + amylopectin which are both repeating units of glucose joined by glycosidic bonds

Question 33

glycosidic bonds

Answer 33

holds units of glucose together

Question 34

Amylase

Answer 34

enzyme released by bacteria that digests/hydrolyses starch

Question 35

what type of reagent will help ID starch hydrolysis in agar cultures?

Answer 35

Iodine

Question 36

Starch Hydrolysis in Agar Culture

Answer 36

iodine w starch turns black and blue positive for amylase will show the medium did not change color/did not absorb iodine. the starch has been hydrolyzed

Question 37

catabolism

Answer 37

breakdown of macromolecule to their smaller units and release of energy

Question 38

phenol red broth

Answer 38

-medium that is commonly used to determine an organism's ability to utilize a specific sugar

Question 39

phenol red broth experiment includes...

Answer 39

``` 1 Ph indicator phenol red 2 sugar of interest 3 salts 4 peptone (soluble protein) 5 Durham's tube ```

Question 40

Durham's tube

Answer 40

inverted test tube for capturing any gas produced as a result of carb fermentation

Question 41

phenol red test results

Answer 41

red- neg for carb fermentation yellow - positive for carb ferment yellow+gas - pos carb Ferm + gas production

Question 42

5 steps of DNA purification

Answer 42

``` 1 extraction 2 lysate 3 protease 4 cold alcohol precipitation 5 make DNA less soluble ```

Question 43

protease

Answer 43

gets rid of protein

Question 44

lysate

Answer 44

dissolve cell membrane (detergent)

Question 45

makes DNA less soluble

Answer 45

salt

Question 46

DNA dogma

Answer 46

DNA is molecular blue print for any living thing | -genes gets copied to RNA and gets translated to proteins by RIBOSOMES

Question 47

genes

Answer 47

- sections of dna | - dictates how amino acids need to combine to make proteins that build our body parts

Question 48

erythema/erythematous

Answer 48

redness of skin or mucuous membranes caused by hyperemia (increased blood flow)

Question 49

abscess

Answer 49

collection of pus that has built up within the tissue of the body - redness, pain, warmth, swelling - caused by bacterial infection

Question 50

infant botulism

Answer 50

unpasteurized honey

Question 51

what is the most commonly used disinfectant in lab?

Answer 51

70% alcohol

Question 52

which bacteria causes infant botulism?

Answer 52

spores of Clostridium botulinum