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Anthropology and Sociology Studies > Week 1 - Abd Vasc > Flashcards

Week 1 - Abd Vasc Flashcards

1
Q

What sort of flow does the abdominal aorta demonstrate suprarenally?

A

Forward flow during diastole

Low resistance

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2
Q

What sort of flow does the abdominal aorta demonstrate infrarenally?

A

Triphasic waveform

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3
Q

What flow does the celiac axis demonstrate?

A

Low resistance

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4
Q

What are the branches of the celiac axis?

A

Left gastric artery
Splenic artery
Common hepatic artery

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5
Q

What waveform does the SMA demonstrate? (fasting & post prandial)

A

Fasting state- high resistance w/ low diastolic flow

Post prandial- lower resistance w/ forward flow

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6
Q

What waveform does the renal arteries demonstate?

A

Low resistance

Constant forward flow during cardiac cycle

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7
Q

What’s the diameter of the aorta?

A

2.0-2.5 cm

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8
Q

What’s the diameter of the celiac artery?

A

0.7 cm

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9
Q

What’s the diameter of the SMA?

A

0.6 cm

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10
Q

What’s the diameter of the IMA?

A

0.3 cm

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11
Q

What’s the diameter of the renal arteries?

A

0.4-0.5 cm

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12
Q

What waveform does the proximal IVC demonstrate?

A

W flow
Pulsatile flow
Results from intraabdominal pressure associated w/ respiration & regurgitation of blood from rt. atrium

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13
Q

What waveform does the distal IVC demonstrate?

A

Phasic flow

Less affected by the heart

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14
Q

What waveform does the hepatic veins demonstrate?

A

W flow
Pulsatile
Three phases– 2 towards heart, 1 away
Hepatofugal flow

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15
Q

The hepatic flow pattern is similar to what vessel?

A

IVC

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16
Q

What creates the W shape waveform in the hepatic veins?

A

Changes in the central venous pressure, respiration and compliance of liver parenchyma

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17
Q

What is the waveform of the portal veins?

A

Minimally phasic
Low peak & mean velocities
Hepatopetal flow

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18
Q

How much of the blood to the liver is supplied by the PV?

A

70%

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19
Q

What is the typical velocity of the PV?

A

20-30cm/s

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20
Q

What is the waveform of the renal veins?

A

Phasic flow

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21
Q

What is the size of the IVC?

A

2.5-3.0 cm

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22
Q

What is the size of the hepatic veins?

A

4.0-6.0 mm

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23
Q

What is the size of the portal veins?

A

13 mm

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24
Q

What is the size of the splenic vein?

A

4.0-6.0 mm

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25
Q

What is the size of the SMV?

A

6.0-7.0 mm

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26
Q

What is the size of the renal veins?

A

4.0-6.0 mm

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27
Q

What is ectasia?

A

Diffuse dilation of less than 50% of the normal aorta diameter

28
Q

What is annuloaortic ectasia?

A

Dilatation or an enlargement of the ascending aorta, the aortic annulus and or/a loss of function of the aorta

29
Q

What is atherosclerosis?

A

A disease of the arteries characterized by the deposition of plaques of fatty material on their inner walls

30
Q

AAA is a dilatation of more than __________ x the normal diameter at the level of the renals.

A

1.5

31
Q

The abdominal aorta should not exceed:

A

3.0 cm

32
Q

What’s the average normal measurement of the suprarenal aorta:

A

2.5 cm

33
Q

What’s the average normal measurement of the aorta at the level of the renals:

A

2 cm

34
Q

What’s the average normal measurement of the infrarenal aorta:

A

1.5 cm

35
Q

What’s the average normal measurement of the common iliacs:

A

1 cm

36
Q

When a AAA reaches a diameter of 4-4.5 cm, the patient should be monitored:

A

Every 6 months

37
Q

When a AAA reaches a measurement over 4.5:

A

Patient should be referred for elective surgical options (not mandatory)

38
Q

When is surgical repair indicated for the aneurysm?

A

When it exceeds 5.5cm or grows more than 0.6-0.8 cm per year

39
Q

What are the common causes of a AAA?

A 
Hypertension
Atherosclerosis
Infection
Trauma
Hereditary or acquired connective tissue disorders
40
Q

What is a pseudoaneurysm?

A

Communication between the arterial lumen and overlying connective tissue resulting from arterial rupture.

A blood filled cavity forms outside the vessel wall and seals the leak as it thromboses

41
Q

An aneurysm or even pseudoaneurysm can demonstrate what sign?

A

Yin Yang

42
Q

What is a dissection?

A

Rupture of the intima of the aorta which separates from the media with a column of blood between the two layers.

43
Q

What are sonographic findings of an aortic dissection?

A

Identification of an intimal flap in the aortic lumen (flaps w/ arterial pulsations)
Doppler demonstrating flow (opposite flow)

44
Q

A rupture is a complication of a dissection. True or false

A

True– look for hematoma in soft tissue adjacent to dissected area.

45
Q

What is the triad of symptoms for aortic stenosis on exertion?

A

Angina
Syncope
Dyspnea

46
Q

Where do we see a tardus parvus waveform?

A

Distal to a stenosis

47
Q

If you have an aortic stenosis, where would you see a tardus parvus waveform?

A

Iliac arteries

48
Q

What’s the classic presentation of a ruptured AAA?

A

Back/abdominal pain
Hypotension
Pulsatile abdominal mass

49
Q

AAA rupture rate risk increases when the aorta diameter exceeds ________.

A

6 cm

50
Q

What does EVAR stand for? What is it?

A

Endovascular Aneurysm Repair
Treatment for AAA (endograft)
Provides a route/path for blood to flow and excludes the aneurysm sac

51
Q

What is an endoleak?

A

When blood flows into the aneurysmal sac

52
Q

What are the 4 classifications of endoleaks?

A

1- attachment site leak (improperly seal @ prox or distal end)
2- retrograde flow through collateral branches (lumbars or mesenterics)
3- flow into the aneurysm secondary to an inadequate seal between components of the device. Or a tear in the graft
4- Flow through the fabric of the graft

53
Q

What surveillance is done after a EVAR?

A

3-6 months- postoperative year
6-12 months - following year
Life long surveillance
CT angiography may also be done

54
Q

What is FMD?

A

Heterogenous group of vascular lesions characterized by an idiopathic, non inflammatory and non-atherosclerotic angiopathy of small and medium sized arteries
Wall becomes hyperplastic which narrows the lumen
Women 30-50yrs

55
Q

Which vessels does FMD most often affect?

A

Renals & ICA (systemic and cereberovascular vessels)

56
Q

FMD shows several sonographic findings. What are they?

A

Color aliasing
Asymmetrical size (affected kidney increases in size and then eventually decreases)
Abnormal spectral waveforms- high PSV w/ little/no EDV
Tardus parvus intrarenally
High resistive flow

57
Q

What pattern does FMD show with Doppler?

A

String of beads pattern

58
Q

Is FMD of the renal arteries unilateral or bilateral?

A

Usually bilateral

59
Q

What are some causes of an IVC thrombus?

A

Extrinsic compression from tumors, lymph nodes, AAA and polycystic kidneys
DVT
Renal tumors
Retroperitoneal fibrosis

60
Q

Bilateral leg swelling indicates what?

A

IVC thrombus

61
Q

What is the most common cause of an IVC thrombosis?

A

Presence of an unretrieved IVC filter

62
Q

What RA/AO ratio is acceptable?

A

<3.5

63
Q

What is the formula for the resistive index?

A

RI=PSV-EDV/PSV

64
Q

RI <0.8 is normal. True or false

A

False– <0.7

65
Q

RI >0.9 in a transplant = rejection. True or false

A

True

Anthropology and Sociology Studies (3 decks)

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