Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

MEDI2011 > Week 1 - Anaemia > Flashcards

Week 1 - Anaemia Flashcards

(69 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

Microcytic anaemia is associated with which conditions?

A

Iron deficiency, thalassemia, chronic disease, sideroblastic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Normocytic anaemia is associated with which conditions?

A

Infections, inflammatory disease, aplastic anaemia, malignancy, haemorrhage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Macrocytic anaemia is associated with which conditions?

A

Megaloblastic - B12/folate deficiency

Non-megaloblastic - alcohol, liver disease, hypothyroidism, pregnancy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Normochromic anaemia is associated with which conditions?

A

Chronic disease, haemorrhage, B12/folate deficiency

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Hypochromic anaemia is associated with which conditions?

A

Iron deficiency, thalassaemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Poikilocytosis

A

Abnormal shape

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Polycythaemia and examples

A

High RBCs/PCV

May be myeloproliferative syndrome, reaction to chronically low oxygen, malignancy (rarely)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the most common cause of anaemia world-wide?

A

Iron deficiency

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the most common type of anaemia found in hospitalised patients?

A

Anaemia of chronic disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Mechanism for anaemia in its with chronic renal disease?

A

Decreased erythropoietin production

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Describe the biochemical abnormality underlying megaloblastic anaemia

A

Low levels of folic acid or vitamin B12 impair one-carbon transfer important in the production of folate, polyglutamates and the generation of pyrimidines

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Maternal folate deficiency is associated with what condition in the infant?

A

Spina bifida

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is evidence of increased erythropoietic activity?

A

Elevated reticulocyte count in peripheral blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

67yo male, non-megaloblastic anaemia, normal reticulocyte count. Likely cause?

A

Alcohol abuse

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

43yo female, several months of increasing lethargy, weight gain, constipation, hoarse voice, dry skin. HR 48bpm, anaemia. What do you expect to find in blood test?

A

Non-megaloblastic macrocytic anaemia and elevated TSH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are megaloblasts?

A

Immature erythrocytes. Large than normal red cells and nucleated.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What does the presence of megaloblasts indicate about the underlying pathophysiogenic mechanism?

A

Impaired DNA production –> B12/folate deficiency. Cell growth continues during the delay in progression through the normal cell division cycle.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Symptoms of B12 or folate deficiency

A

Megaloblasts
Neurological: ataxia, impaired sensory perception, parasthesiae, mental disorder e.g. mood disorders, psychosis; cognitive disorders e.g. poor concentration, poor memory, dementia etc
GIT: symptoms of atrophic gastritis or chronic pancreatitis, malabsorption e.g. non-specific abdominal discomfort or pain, bloating, bowel disturbances
Other symptoms of auto-immune disease e.g. vitiligo

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Briefly outline the production of erythrocytes

A

proerythroblast –> erythroblast –> reticulocyte –> Erythrocyte

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Briefly outline the production of platelets

A

megakaryoblast –> promegakaryocyte –> megakaryocyte –> platelet

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Briefly outline the production of basophils, neutrophils and eosinophils

A

myeloblast –> B/N/E. Promyelocyte –> Myelocyte –> Metamyelocyte –> Band –> basophil/neutrophil/eosinophil

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Briefly outline the production of macrophages

A

Myeloblast –> monoblast –> promonocyte –> monocyte –> macrophage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Outline sites at which haemopoiesis occurs and how this changes from the fetus to the adult

A 
Fetus: 0-2 months: yolk sac
2-7 months: liver and spleen
5-9 months: bone and marrow
Infant: bone marrow, most bones
Adult: vertebrae, ribs, sternum, skull, sacrum, pelvis, proximal femur
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What condition causes normochromic, normocytic anaemia, normal TIBC and ferritin?

A

Chronic disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
What condition causes microcytic, hypochromic anaemia, increased TIBC, low ferritin, poikilocytosis?
Iron deficiency
26
What condition causes normochromic, macrocytic anaemia, decreased TIBC, increased ferritin?
Chronic liver disease
27
What condition causes normochromic, normocytic anaemia with increased reticulocytes?
Haemolysis
28
What condition causes normochromic, normocytic anaemia with reduced reticulocytes?
Myelodysplasia
29
Describe the biochemical abnormality underlying megaloblastic anaemia
Low levels of folic acid or vitamin B12 impair one-carbon transfer important in the production of folate, polyglutamates and the generation of pyrimidines
30
Maternal folate deficiency is associated with what condition in the infant?
Spina bifida
31
What is evidence of increased erythropoietic activity?
Elevated reticulocyte count in peripheral blood
32
67yo male, non-megaloblastic anaemia, normal reticulocyte count. Likely cause?
Alcohol abuse
33
43yo female, several months of increasing lethargy, weight gain, constipation, hoarse voice, dry skin. HR 48bpm, anaemia. What do you expect to find in blood test?
Non-megaloblastic macrocytic anaemia and elevated TSH
34
What are megaloblasts?
Immature erythrocytes. Large than normal red cells and nucleated.
35
What does the presence of megaloblasts indicate about the underlying pathophysiogenic mechanism?
Impaired DNA production --> B12/folate deficiency. Cell growth continues during the delay in progression through the normal cell division cycle.
36
Symptoms of B12 or folate deficiency
Megaloblasts Neurological: ataxia, impaired sensory perception, parasthesiae, mental disorder e.g. mood disorders, psychosis; cognitive disorders e.g. poor concentration, poor memory, dementia etc GIT: symptoms of atrophic gastritis or chronic pancreatitis, malabsorption e.g. non-specific abdominal discomfort or pain, bloating, bowel disturbances Other symptoms of auto-immune disease e.g. vitiligo
37
Briefly outline the production of erythrocytes
proerythroblast --> erythroblast --> reticulocyte --> Erythrocyte
38
Briefly outline the production of platelets
megakaryoblast --> promegakaryocyte --> megakaryocyte --> platelet
39
Briefly outline the production of basophils, neutrophils and eosinophils
myeloblast --> B/N/E. Promyelocyte --> Myelocyte --> Metamyelocyte --> Band --> basophil/neutrophil/eosinophil
40
Briefly outline the production of macrophages
Myeloblast --> monoblast --> promonocyte --> monocyte --> macrophage
41
Outline sites at which haemopoiesis occurs and how this changes from the fetus to the adult
``` Fetus: 0-2 months: yolk sac 2-7 months: liver and spleen 5-9 months: bone and marrow Infant: bone marrow, most bones Adult: vertebrae, ribs, sternum, skull, sacrum, pelvis, proximal femur ```
42
What condition causes normochromic, normocytic anaemia, normal TIBC and ferritin?
Chronic disease
43
What condition causes microcytic, hypochromic anaemia, increased TIBC, low ferritin?
Iron deficiency
44
What condition causes normochromic, macrocytic anaemia, decreased TIBC, increased ferritin?
Chronic liver disease
45
What condition causes normochromic, normocytic anaemia with increased reticulocytes?
Haemolysis
46
What condition causes normochromic, normocytic anaemia with reduced reticulocytes?
Myelodysplasia
47
What condition causes hypochromic, microcytic anaemia, high red cell count, iron, ferritin and TIBC may be normal?
Thalassaemia trait
48
What is the normal ratio of myeloid to erythroid precursors in the marrow?
5x more myeloid
49
Presence of red blood cells of unequal size
Anisocytosis
50
What is the probable mechanism underlying the non-specific symptoms of anaemia (i.e. fatigue)?
Tissue hypoxia
51
Elevated red cell count
Polycythaemia
52
Low platelet count
Thrombocytopaenia
53
Pernicious anaemia is commonly associated with..?
Atrophic gastritis
54
Iron overload
Haemochromatosis
55
The presence of an elevated serum bilirubin suggests anaemia due to..?
Haemolysis
56
Term used to describe the deposition of iron in body tissues
Siderosis
57
Class of drugs that may cause anaemia due to chronic blood loss
NSAIDs
58
Neuro-psychiatric condition which may be a clinical manifestation of Vitamin B12 deficiency
Dementia
59
Abnormal RBC with spiky projections
Acanthocyte
60
... has higher affinity from oxygen than HbA?
HbF
61
A type of anaemia characterised by persistence of fetal Hb
Thalassemia, sickle cell
62
Macrocytic anaemia associated with peripheral neuropathy may occur with ..... deficiency
Folate
63
Severe haemolytic anaemia may be associated with enlargement of the...?
Spleen
64
An organ which may be the site of extramedullary erythropoiesis
Liver
65
Anaemia due to non-functioning bone marrow?
Aplastic anaemia
66
As iron stores are depleted, the concentration of ..... rises while the concentration of ferritin falls
Transferrin
67
The presence of of intrinsic factor antibodies is virtually diagnostic of....
Pernicious anaemia
68
The presence of ..... on a blood film indicates a functioning bone marrow
Reticulocytosis
69
Classic pernicious anaemia is due to failure of .... to produce IF
Parietal cells

MEDI2011 (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions