week 1 and 2

Question 1

who proposed the cell theory?

Answer 1

Jacob schieiden Theodor Schwann and Rudolf Virchow.

Question 2

what is the cell theory

Answer 2

that all organisms are composed of individual cells

Question 3

who further refined the cell theory, and what did they discover?

Answer 3

Golgi refined this theory further and concluded axons cells form a continuous reticular net – dendrites do not anastomose, they perform only a nutritive roll

Question 4

describe the staining method for neutrons that Golgi discovered

Answer 4

he exposed the tissue to potassium dichromate and silver nitrate

Question 5

what is an axon

Answer 5

nerve fibre projecting from the cortex to other areas that sends action potentials

Question 6

what is a dendrite

Answer 6

a nerve fibre extension / branch

Question 7

what is an anastome

Answer 7

a connection or opening between 2 living things

Question 8

describe a Golgi stain

Answer 8

Clear picture of cells and dendrites – affected cells absorb metallic cells. It is a very time consuming method – takes days

Question 9

what did cajal discover, which contrasted Golgi’s findings

Answer 9

• neurons interact by way of contacting one another (contiguity not continuity
• neutrons are structurally independence

Question 10

describe the CNS

Answer 10

all nerves in brain and spinal cord

Question 11

describe the PNS

Answer 11

all nerves outside brain and spinal cord

Question 12

what can the pas be further divided into

Answer 12

somatic and autonomic systems

Question 13

is the somatic nervous system voluntary or involuntary

Answer 13

voluntary

Question 14

is the autonomic nervous system voluntary or involuntary

Answer 14

involuntary

Question 15

give some examples of when the somatic nervous system is in use

Answer 15

seeing, smelling, hearing

Question 16

describe the afferent and efferent nerves of the somatic nervous system

Answer 16

Afferent - used when feeling ie feeling someone touch your hand
efferent - stimulates actions ie touching someone else

Question 17

do afferent nerves in somatic system move towards or away from CNS

Answer 17

towards

Question 18

do efferent nerves in somatic system move towards or away from CNS

Answer 18

away

Question 19

name the 2 subdivisions of the autonomic nervous system

Answer 19

parasympathetic and sympathetic

Question 20

describe the parasympathetic system - its response and related nerves

Answer 20

rest and digest

cranial and sacral nerves

Question 21

describe the sympathetic system - its response and related nerves

Answer 21

fight or flight

lumbar and thoracic

Question 22

describe the occipital lobe

Answer 22

primary visual cortex

Question 23

describe the temporal lobe

Answer 23

includes structure for speech and language

Question 24

describe the parietal lobe

Answer 24

motor function

Question 25

describe the cerebellum function

Answer 25

fine motor control ie. writing, typing

Question 26

what does the cerebellum wrap around

Answer 26

the brain stem

Question 27

what are gyri

Answer 27

folds of the brain

Question 28

what are sulci

Answer 28

gaps between folds of the brain

Question 29

what makes up the brain stem?

Answer 29

- spinal cord - medulla oblongata - thalamus

Question 30

describe the function of the hypothalamus

Answer 30

regulates things such as eating and sexual activity

Question 31

what anatomical structure sits below the thalamus

Answer 31

hypothalamus

Question 32

what is the function of the thalamus

Answer 32

sensory relay unit

Question 33

name the 4 components of the brainstem

Answer 33

thalamus midbrain pons medulla oblongata

Question 34

what is the other term for the thalamus

Answer 34

diencephalon

Question 35

what is another word for the midbrain

Answer 35

mesencephalon

Question 36

what is another word for the pons

Answer 36

metencephalon

Question 37

what is another word for the medulla oblongata

Answer 37

myencephalon

Question 38

how many pairs of spinal nerves are there

Answer 38

31 pairs