Week 1 - Antibiotics Flashcards
(35 cards)
Common pathogens of Community Acquired Pneumonia
- S. pnuemoniae
- Mycoplasma spp
- H influenzae
- Staphylococcus aureus
First line treatment for community acquired pneumonia for previously healthy adults
- Amoxicillin
- Doxycycline
- Macrolides
What to give for community acquired pneumonia if first line treatments weren’t effective?
For resistant strains:
a cephalosporin like ampicillin
What is the treatment for M. Pneumonaie in a pediatric patient?
Macrolides
- Erythromycin
- Azithromycin
- Clarithromycin
How is community acquired pneumonia treated in pregnancy?
A combination of amoxicillin or amoxicillin/clavulanate (augmentin) plus azithromycin
If someone has been treated with an antibiotic in the previous 90 days of contracting community acquired pneumonia what would they be treated with?
A quinolone
Examples of penicillins
Narrow-spectrum penicillinase sensitive:
- Penicillin G and V
Narrow-spectrum penicillinase resistant:
- nafcillin, oxacillin, dicloxacillin
Broad spectrum:
- ampicillin, amoxicillin
Extended spectrum:
- piperacillin
Penicillin/Beta-Lactamase combinations:
- ampicillin/sulbactam (unasyn),
- amoxicillin/clavulanate (augmentin),
- piperacillin/tazobactam (zosyn)
Examples of Cephalosporins
1st Gen – Cephalexin (Keflex)
2nd Gen – Cefoxitin (Mefoxin)
3rd Gen – Cefotaxiime (Clarforan)
4th Gen – Cefepime (Maxipeme)
5th Gen – Ceftaroline (Teflaro)
Examples of Fluoroquinolones
- Ciprofloxacin
- Ofloxacin
- Levofloxacin
- Moxifloxacin
Examples of Tetracyclines
- Tetracycline
- Doxycycline
- Demeclocycline
- Ervacycline
Examples of Macrolides
- Azithromycin
- Erythromycin
- Clarithromycin
Examples of Sulfonamides
- Sulfadiazine
- Sulfamethoxazole
- Trimethoprim
- Nitrofurantoin
Examples of Aminoglycosides
- Amikacin
- Gentamycin
- Tobramycin
Examples of Carbepenems
- Ertapenem
- Imipenem
- Doripenem
- meropenem
Treatment of chlamydial pneumonia in infants
Erythromycin (macrolides)
When to use a broad spectrum antibiotic
Use a broad spectrum when it is a common pathogen or before it is identified
When to use a narrow spectrum antibiotic
If you have done a culture/sensitivity then use the drug that the microbe is sensitive to (narrow spectrum)
What are empiric antibiotics?
Broad spectrum antibiotics used as first line of therapy before the microbe is identified and therapy can be tailored to the appropriate pathogen.
When do we prescribe empiric antibiotics?
When symptoms of an infection are severe and treatment needs to start before culture/sensitivity results are determined.
How do we treat Clostridium difficile diarrhea?
Stop the antibiotic the person is taking that is causing the infection and start either:
- vancomycin
- Fixaxomicin
OR
- Narrow spectrum macrolide or metronidazole (if oral vanco of Fidaxomicin are not available)
What drug classes are known to promote development of C. diff?
- Clindamycin
- Second and third generation cephalosporins
Patients with penicillin allergies may have cross-sensitivity reactions to which drug class?
All other penicillins and cephalosporins.
When can we prescribe penicillin for pregnant patients?
Cannot prescribe in the second or third trimester due to fetal risk.
What patient education should be given when prescribing a cephalosporin?
- Must not take alcohol in any form, can cause disulfiram effect)
- Interfere with drugs that promote bleeding (NSAIDS, anticoagulants, thrombolytics, antiplatelet agents)
