Week 1 - Biopsychosocial Model And Stress

Question 1

What is the biomedical model?

Answer 1

Illness understood in terms of biological and physiological processes and treatment involves physical intervention (drugs and surgery)

Question 2

What is the biopsychosocial model?

Answer 2

Treating people for psychological and social factors as well as physical

Question 3

How is a physiological response to stress triggered?

Answer 3

by catecholamines (adrenaline and noradrenaline)

Question 4

Name some physiological responses to stress?

Answer 4

Increased oxygen availability (breathing and increased haematocrit)
enhanced mental functioning ( sensory awareness, alertness)
conservation of energy resources (digestive system and sexual response)
increased fuel availability (liberation of glucose, protein breakdown, insulin resistance)
enhanced physical functioning (cardiac output, BP, sweating, muscle responsiveness)
preparation for tissue damage (fluid conservation, blood clotting, endogenous analgesia, immune and inflammatory response)

Question 5

What is the consequence of long term stress?

Answer 5

Exhaustion

Question 6

What are the transactional model of appraisal?

Answer 6

Primary appraisal - is this a threat? How bad could it be? Secondary appraisal - do i have the resources or skills to cope? Reappraisal - reconsider the situation once have tried to cope with it - may decide its more or less stressful than thought

Question 7

What are the physical consequences of stress?

Answer 7

Primarily cardiovascular damage
affects immune system
prone to cognitive disorders (catastrophising, overgeneralisation, personalisation)

Question 8

What are the cognitive warning signs and symptoms of stress?

Answer 8

Memory problems
inability to concentrate, poor judgment
seeing only the negative
anxious or racing thoughts
constant worrying

Question 9

What are the emotional warning signs and symptoms of stress?

Answer 9

Moodiness
irritability or short temper
agitation and inability to relax
feeling overwhelmed
sense of loneliness and isolation
depression or general unhappiness

Question 10

What are the physical warning signs and symptoms of stress?

Answer 10

Aches and pains
diarrhoea or constipation
nausea
dizziness
chest pain and rapid heart beat
loss of sex drive
frequent colds

Question 11

What are the behavioural warning signs and symptoms of stress?

Answer 11

Eating more or less
sleeping too much or too little
isolating yourself from others
procrastinating or neglecting responsibilities
using alcohol
cigarettes or drugs to relax
nervous habits