Week 1 - Cardiovascular System

Question 1

Goal of Cardiovascular Drug Therapy

Answer 1

• Hypertension - Heart failure - Coronary heart disease - Cardiac dysrhythmias

Question 2

Drug Therapy for Hypertension

Answer 2

• RAAS suppressants: ACEi, ARBs, aldosterone antagonists, direct renin inhibitors - Calcium channel blockers - Sympatholytics: beta blockers, alpha 1 blockers, alpha/beta blockers / centrally acting alpha 2 agonists, adrenergic neuron blockers - direct acting vasodilators

Question 3

Anti-Hypertensive Drugs

Answer 3

• ACE Inhibitors (end in -pril) - Beta Blockers (end in -lol) - Calcium Antagonists (Verapamil, Nifedipine, etc.)

Question 4

Captopril / ACEi: Therapeutic Use

Answer 4

• Hypertension - Heart failure (HF) - Diabetic nephropathy

Question 5

Captopril / ACEi: Adverse Drug Reactions

Answer 5

• dry, non productive cough - severe hypotension following first dose - angioedema - hyperkalemia - neutropenia

Question 6

Captopril / ACEi: Client Instructions

Answer 6

• refrain from using potassium supplements and potassium-containing salt substitutes - do not take if pregnant / breastfeeding

Question 7

Losartan / ARB: Therapeutic Use

Answer 7

• hypertension - stroke

Question 8

Losartan / ARB: Client Instructions

Answer 8

• do not take if pregnant or breastfeeding

Question 8

Losartan / ARB: Adverse Drug Reactions

Answer 8

• angioedema - headache, dizziness, hypotension, insomnia

Question 9

Spironolactone / Aldosterone Antagonists: Therapeutic Use

Answer 9

• hypertension - symptoms of heart failure following MI

Question 10

Spironolactone / Aldosterone Antagonists: Adverse Drug Reactions

Answer 10

Hyperkalemia

Question 11

Spironolactone / Aldosterone Antagonists: Client Instructions

Answer 11

• do not take potassium supplements or potassium-containing salt substitutes - do not take drugs that raise potassium level unless prescribed

Question 12

Aliskiren / Direct Renin Inhibitor: Use

Answer 12

• hypertension

Question 13

Aliskiren / Direct Renin Inhibitor: Adverse Reactions

Answer 13

• hyperkalemia - cough - angioedema

Question 14

Aliskiren / Direct Renin Inhibitor

Answer 14

• no potassium supplements, salt substitutes or drugs that raise potassium levels unless prescribed - do not take if pregnant

Question 15

Nifedipine / CCB: Therapeutic Use

Answer 15

• mild to moderate hypertension - angina

Question 16

Nifedipine / CCB: Adverse Reactions

Answer 16

• reflex tachycardia - headache, dizziness - arrhythmias - facial flushing / perception of heat - peripheral edema of feet and legs

Question 17

Nifedipine / CCB: Client instructions

Answer 17

Report HR less than 50 bpm

Question 18

Doxasozin / Alpha 1 Blocker: Use

Answer 18

• hypertension - benign prostatic hypertrophy

Question 19

Doxasozin / Alpha 1 Blocker: Adverse Reactions

Answer 19

• orthostatic hypotension, especially first dose - reflex tachycardia - headache / dizziness

Question 20

Doxasozin / Alpha 1 Blocker: Client Instructions

Answer 20

• take at bedtime

Question 21

Atenolol & Metoprolol / Beta Blockers: Use

Answer 21

• hypertension - angina pectoris - decrease mortality after MI - cardiac dysrhythmias - heart failure

Question 22

Atenolol & Metoprolol / Beta Blockers: Adverse Reactions

Answer 22

• bradycardia - heart failure -

Question 23

Atenolol & Metoprolol / Beta Blockers: Client Instructions

Answer 23

• check pulse daily before taking drug, report pulse slower than 60 bpm - don’t stop taking this drug abruptly

Question 24

Reserpine / Adrenergic Neuron Blocker: Use

Answer 24

- hypertension

Question 25

Reserpine / Adrenergic Neuron Blocker: Adverse Reactions

Answer 25

- severe depression / SI, can linger after Reserpine is discontinued - bradycardia - orthostatic hypotension - GI symptoms

Question 26

Clonidine & Methyldopa / Centrally Acting Alpha 2 Agonists: Use

Answer 26

- hypertension - severe pain relief - ADHD

Question 27

Clonidine & Methyldopa / Centrally Acting Alpha 2 Agonists: Adverse Reactions

Answer 27

- CNS effects - dry mouth - rebound hypertensive crisis

Question 28

Clonidine & Methyldopa / Centrally Acting Alpha 2 Agonists: Client Instructions

Answer 28

- take at bedtime - do not abruptly stop taking med

Question 29

Carvedilol / Alpha Beta Blocker: Use

Answer 29

- hypertension - heart failure - prolongs chance or survival following MI

Question 30

Carvedilol / Alpha Beta Blocker: Adverse Reactions

Answer 30

- bradycardia - postural hypotension - exacerbation of asthma - dizziness / hypotension

Question 31

Carvedilol / Alpha Beta Blocker: Client Instructions

Answer 31

- check pulse before taking drug, report pulse slower than 60 bpm

Question 32

Hydralazine / Direct-Acting Vasodilators: Use

Answer 32

- moderate to severe hypotension - hypertensive crisis - heart failure (short-term basis)

Question 33

Hydralazine / Direct-Acting Vasodilators: Adverse Reactions

Answer 33

- reflex tachycardia - systemic lupus erythematosus-like syndrome - abrupt withdrawal: hypertensive crisis and heart failure

Question 34

Drug Therapy for Heart Failure

Answer 34

- Thiazide diuretics - loop diuretics - potassium-sparing diuretics - inotropic agents - inotropic / sympathomimetics - inotropic / phosphodiesterase inhibitor

Question 35

Hydrochlorothiazide / Thiazide diuretic: Use

Answer 35

- heart failure - cirrhosis of liver and renal failure - hypertension

Question 36

Hydrochlorothiazide / Thiazide diuretic: Adverse Reactions

Answer 36

- electrolyte imbalance - hyperglycemia - increased uric acid levels (possible gout)

Question 37

Hydrochlorothiazide / Thiazide diuretic: Client Instructions

Answer 37

- eat foods rich in potassium

Question 38

Furosemide / Loop Diuretic: