Week 1 Chapter 1

Question 1

there are [ ] naturally occurring elements

Answer 1

90

Question 2

the 3 most abundant elements are?

Answer 2

oxygen, hydrogen, carbon

Question 3

what are the four main classes of biomolecules?

Answer 3

proteins, nucleic acids, polysaccharides, and lipids

Question 4

monomers definition

Answer 4

small molecules that may bond to many others to form a polymer

Question 5

polymers definition

Answer 5

macromolecules formed by the bonding of smaller units

Question 6

biological macromolecules are [ ] created by joining many smaller organic molecules, or monomers, via [ ]

Answer 6

biological macromolecules are polymers created by joining many smaller organic molecules, or monomers, via condensation (removal of water)

Question 7

In the structure of carbohydrates, a [ ] monomer is repeated many times

Answer 7

In the structure of carbohydrates, a single monomer is repeated many times

Question 8

In the structure of proteins and nucleic acids, [ ] monomer is connected in a particular order

Answer 8

In the structure of proteins and nucleic acids, a variety of different monomers is connected in a particular order

Question 9

proteins fold into [ ] that facilitate biochemical functions

Answer 9

proteins fold into 3D structures that facilitate biochemical functions

Question 10

a linear string of amino acids (20) are connected via [ ] bonds

Answer 10

a linear string of amino acids (20) are connected via peptide bonds

Question 11

3 structural components of a nucleotide

Answer 11

1. 5 carbon sugar (deoxyribose or ribose)
2. Heterocyclic ring base that is purine (A, G) or pyrimidine (C, T)
3. At least 1 phosphate group

Question 12

nucleic acids bonded next to each other on the same strand have [ ] bonds, and nucleic acids bonded to each other from opposite strands have [ ] bonds

Answer 12

nucleic acids bonded next to each other on the same strand have covalent bonds, while nucleic acids bonded to each other from opposite strands have hydrogen bonds

Question 13

on a dinucleotide, the [ ] prime phosphate binds to the [ ] prime hydroxy

Answer 13

on a dinucleotide, the 5’ prime phosphate binds to the 3’ prime hydroxy

Question 14

lipids have a [ ] head and a [ ], [ ] tail

Answer 14

Lipids have a hydrophilic head and a nonpolar, hydrophobic tail

Question 15

are lipids soluble in water?

Answer 15

not soluble in water but in some organic solvents

Question 16

lipid bilayers are stabilized by [ ]

Answer 16

lipid bilayers are stabilized by noncovalent forces

Question 17

the most common carbohydrates contain [ ] or [ ] carbons

Answer 17

the most common carbohydrates contain 5 or 6 carbons

Question 18

what is the central dogma?

Answer 18

information flows from DNA to RNA to protein

but really,
DNA (replication) –> transcription in Nucleus –> mRNA/tRNA/rRNA –> translation –> protein

Question 19

RNA polymerase catalyzes [ ]

Answer 19

RNA polymerase catalyzes transcription

Question 20

[ ] is the process of copying DNA information into RNA

Answer 20

transcription is the process of copying DNA information into RNA

Question 21

[ ] is the conversion of mRNA sequence into protein, occurs in ribosomes

Answer 21

translation is the conversion of mRNA sequence into protein, occurs in ribosomes

Question 22

[ ] lack intracellular membranes

Answer 22

prokaryotes lack intracellular membranes

Question 23

[ ] lack a distinct nucleus

Answer 23

prokaryotes lack a distinct nucleus

Question 24

the [ ] surrounds the cell, and the [ ] is the cavity within it

Answer 24

the cell membrane surrounds the cell, and the cytoplasm is the cavity within it

Question 25

nucleus function

Answer 25

location of main genome; site of most DNA and RNA synthesis

Question 26

mitochondria function

Answer 26

site of energy-yielding oxidation reactions; has its own DNA

Question 27

chloroplast function

Answer 27

site of photosynthesis in green plants and algae; has its own DNA

Question 28

endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 28

continuous membrane throughout the cell; rough part studded with ribosomes for protein synthesis

Question 29

golgi apparatus function

Answer 29

sorts proteins; involved in secretion of proteins from cells; involved in reactions that link sugars to other cellular components

Question 30

lysosomes function

Answer 30

membrane-enclosed sacs containing hydrolytic enzymes

Question 31

cell membrane function

Answer 31

separates the cell contents from the outside world; selective permeability

Question 32

the [ ] is organized by a series of structural filaments, the cytoskeleton

Answer 32

the cytoplasm is organized by a series of structural filaments, the cytoskeleton