Week 1 - Chapter 7: Primary data collection with surveys

Question 1

Primary data

Answer 1

Collected data for a current study are called primary data

Question 2

Secondary data

Answer 2

Data collected for a purpose other than the current study

Question 3

Second dimension of data collection is

Answer 3

What kind of data collected

Quantitative and qualitative

Question 4

Third dimension is

Answer 4

The method of data collection

Communication and observation approach

Question 5

Communication approach

Answer 5

The researcher ask question either personally, as in face to face interviews and phone surveys, or indirectly through surveys

Question 6

Observation approach

Answer 6

Researchers observe certain phenomena or events and record what they see

Question 7

Strength of the communication approach

Answer 7

Versatility

Question 8

Most appropriate applications for surveying

Answer 8

Where participants are uniquely qualified to provide the desired information

Question 9

Weakness of the communication approach

Answer 9

Quality and quantity of information secured depends heavily on the ability and willingness of participants to cooperate

Very dependent on participant’s interpretation of question

Question 10

Three conditions must be met to have a successful survey

Answer 10

The participant must possess the information targeted by the investigative questions

The participant must understand his or her role in the interview as the provider of accurate information

The participant must perceive adequate motivation to cooperate

Question 11

Designer responsibility

Answer 11

Screening questions can qualify participants when there is doubt about their ability to answer

Question 12

How to establish a friendly relationship with the participant?

Answer 12

Participant must believe that it will be pleasant and satisfying

Believe that answering is impart and worthwhile

Participant must dismiss any mental reservations that hey might have about participation

Question 13

Why should introductory explanations not be more detailed than necessary?

Answer 13

Too much information can introduce a bias

Question 14

What should the introductory explanation have?

Answer 14

Objective of the study

Background of the study

How the participant was selected

Confidential nature of the interview

Benefits of the research findings

Question 15

Non response error

Answer 15

Occurs when the responses of participants differ in some systematic way from the responses of non participants

Question 16

Personal interview

Answer 16

A two way conversation initiated by an interviewer to obtain information from a participant

Question 17

Participant initiated error

Answer 17

Occurs when the participant fails to answer fully and accurately

Question 18

Interviewer error

Answer 18

Occurs when the interviewer has any kind of failure during or after the interview

Question 19

Issue of computer administrated telephone survey

Answer 19

Refusal rate - more easy for participants to hang up

Inaccessible houselholds

Inaccurate or non functioning numbers

Limitation on interview length

Limitations on use of visual or complex questions

Ease of interview termination

Less participant involvement

Distracting physical environment

Question 20

Advantage of self administered surveys

Answer 20

They are less costly

People are more likely to take the time to do it

Question 21

Disadvantage of self administered surveys

Answer 21

People might postpone the survey for too long

Seen as impersonal

Low amount of information that can be taken

Question 22

Web based surveys

Answer 22

Special form of self administered surveys, and their advantages and disadvantages are rather like those of mail surveys

Question 23

Web surveys can be distinguished into the following types:

Answer 23

Target web survey

Self selected surveys

Social media based surveys

Question 24

Target web survey

Answer 24

The researcher retains control over who is allowed to participate in the survey

Question 25

Self elected surveys

Answer 25

The researcher has no or very limited control on how is responding

Question 26

Social media based surveys

Answer 26

Researchers posts a note in their social media accounts and asks people to participate in the survey and to spread it among their friends and followers

Question 27

Advantage of web based surveys

Answer 27

Can reach a wide geographic spread

Question 28

What do question quality of web survey depend on?

Answer 28

Selection biases Response biases Measurement errors

Question 29

Advantage of observations

Answer 29

Only method capable of obtaining information on the status or condition of objects Allows us to collect the original data at the time it happens Less respondent's biases

Question 30

Issues of observations

Answer 30

Method reactivity biases Research limitations

Question 31

Method reactivity biases

Answer 31

Occurs if respondents change their behaviour because they know they are being watched

Question 32

Research limitations

Answer 32

Observer must be at the scene of the vent the exact moment it is happening, yet you do not know when it will happen exactly

Question 33

Structured observation

Answer 33

Attempts to systematically record behaviour along predefined aspects Compared to survey research, it does not ask respondents what they are doing but observe what they are doing

Question 34

Direct observation

Answer 34

Occurs when the observer is physically present and personally monitors what takes place

Question 35

Indirect observation

Answer 35

Occurs when the recording is done by mechanical, photographic, or electronic means

Question 36

Direct vs Indirect observation

Answer 36

Indirect observation is less flexible than direct observation but is also much less biasing and may be less erratic in terms of accuracy

Question 37

Why do observers use concealment?

Answer 37

To shield themselves form the object of their observation, such as one way mirrors, hidden cameras, or microphones

Question 38

Non behavioural activities

Answer 38

Record analysis, physical condition analysis, physical process analysis

Question 39

Record analysis

Answer 39

May involves historical or current records, and public or private records

Question 40

Physical condition analysis

Answer 40

Typified by store audits of merchandise availability, studies of plan safety compliance, analysis of inventory conditions and analysis of financial statements

Question 41

Process analysis

Answer 41

Includes time/motion studies of manufacturing processes and analysis of traffic flows in a distribution system, paperwork flows in an office and financial flows in the banking system

Question 42

Behavioural activities

Answer 42

Non verbal analysis, linguistic analysis, extra linguistic analysis, spatial analysis

Question 43

Non verbal

Answer 43

Includes body movement, motor expressions and exchanged glances

Question 44

Linguistic behaviour

Answer 44

Characterised by the number of has or other frequently said words are being said, another form involves interaction processes that occur between two people or in small groups

Question 45

Extra linguistic behaviour

Answer 45

Includes vocal, temporal, interaction, and verbal stylistic behaviour

Question 46

Spatial relationships

Answer 46

How a person relates physically to others