Week 1: CHEMICAL COMPOSITION & CHARACTERISTICS OF LIVING ORGANISMS Flashcards
(27 cards)
It is is a chemical compound found in living organisms.
BIOMOLECULES
What are the 2 classifications of biomolecules?
- BIOMACROMOLECULES
2. MOLECULAR WEIGHT MOLECULES
All biomolecules are produced in living cells under mild chemical conditions of _________, _______ and ___.
TEMPERATURE, PRESSURE, and pH
Biomacromolecules are built up from simple building block molecules by ___________ forms usually with the elimination of ______.
COVALENT BONDS, WATER
Biomolecules are continuously ____________ and __________ in a highly regulated manner.
SYNTHESIZED, DEGRADED
What force holds atoms together within a molecule?
INTRAMOLECULAR FORCE OF ATTRACTION
What force exists between molecules?
INTERMOLECULAR FORCE OF ATTRACTION
It is a particular group of atoms in a particular building arrangement.
FUNCTIONAL GROUPS
Functional groups*
What are hydrocarbons that contain one or more double bonds between neighboring carbon atoms
ALKENES
Functional groups*
It contains one or more triple bonds between neighboring carbon atoms.
ALKYNES
Functional groups*
It contains only carbon and hydrogen is an aromatic ring which is a six-carbon ring with alternating double bonds.
AROMATICS
The letter R is used in molecular structures to represent the “________________”
REST OF THE MOLECULE
Functional groups*
What functional group involves an oxygen atom that is bonded to one hydrogen atom and one carbon atom.
ALCOHOLS
In a primary alcohol, the carbon bonded directly to the oxygen atom is also bonded to exactly ____________, with the other bonds generally going to __________ atoms.
ONE CARBON ATOM, HYDROGEN
In a secondary alcohol, the carbon is attached to _________________.
TWO OTHER CARBON ATOMS
In a tertiary alcohol, the carbon is bonded to ____________________.
THREE OTHER CARBON ATOMS
Functional groups*
It consists of an oxygen atom that forms single bonds with two carbon atoms.
ETHER
It is the best known ether. It is widely used as a solvent and has been used as an inhalable anesthetic.
DIETHYL ETHER
Functional groups*
It contains a sulfur atom bonded to a hydrogen atom.
THIOL
Functional groups*
It consists of a nitrogen atom bonded to some combination of carbons and hydrogens.
AMINES
It is simply a carbon atom and an oxygen atom connected by a double bond. (C=O)
CARBONYL
Functional groups*
It is a carbonyl in which the carbon atom is bonded to at least one hydrogen atom.
ALDEHYDE
Functional groups*
It involves a carbonyl (C=O) in which the carbon atom makes single bonds with two R -groups (ex CH2).
KETONE
Functional groups*
It is a carbonyl-containing (C=O) functional group, in which the carbon atom is bonded to an OH group on one side and either a carbon or hydrogen atom on the other.
CARBOXYLIC ACID
