Week 1-General immunology

Question 1

Hematopoiesis

Answer 1

Generation of blood components

Question 2

Hematopoiesis

Answer 2

Generation of blood components

Question 3

CD34

Answer 3

cell surface molecule on hematopoietic stem cells

Question 4

EPO: erythropoietin

Answer 4

Cytokine that promotes development of erythrocytes

Question 5

TPO: thrombopoietin

Answer 5

Cytokine that promotes dev of megakaroyotes

Question 6

What do all blood cells come from?

Answer 6

hematopoietic stem cells

Question 7

Where does hematopoiesis occur in the body

Answer 7

bone marrow, but starts out in yolk sac and fetal liver/spleen

Question 8

What are the three major progenitor cells

Answer 8

erythroid/megakarocyte, myleoid, lymphoid

Question 9

what does lymphoid progenitors develop into

Answer 9

B cells (plasma), T cells, NK

Question 10

Three types of pathogenic mechanisms

Answer 10

exotoxin, endotoxin, direct cytopathic effect

Question 11

Three types of pathogenic mechanisms

Answer 11

exotoxin, endotoxin, direct cytopathic effect

Question 12

CD34

Answer 12

cell surface molecule on hematopoietic stem cells

Question 13

EPO: erythropoietin

Answer 13

Cytokine that promotes development of erythrocytes

Question 14

TPO: thrombopoietin

Answer 14

Cytokine that promotes dev of megakaroyotes

Question 15

What do all blood cells come from?

Answer 15

hematopoietic stem cells

Question 16

Where does hematopoiesis occur in the body

Answer 16

bone marrow, but starts out in yolk sac and fetal liver/spleen

Question 17

What are the three major progenitor cells

Answer 17

erythroid/megakarocyte, myleoid, lymphoid

Question 18

what does lymphoid progenitors develop into

Answer 18

B cells (plasma), T cells, NK

Question 19

What does myeloid progenitors develop into

Answer 19

neutrophil, basophil, eoisinophil, dendritic, macrophage, mast

Question 20

Three types of pathogenic mechanisms

Answer 20

exotoxin, endotoxin, direct cytopathic effect

Question 21

what can platelets release

Answer 21

cytokines, chemokines, prostaglandings, enzymes, Growth factors–> recruitment, anti-microbial defense, wound healing, inflammation, dendritic and macrophage activation

Question 22

Definsin

Answer 22

soluble, antimicrobial peptides that protects cells from infections

Question 23

How do defensins work

Answer 23

disrupt viral membranes, crosslink viral glycoproteins to prevent fusion, inactivate membrane, prevent nuclear import of pre-integration complex into nucleaus–no viral transcription

Question 24

What is a paneth

Answer 24

major source of defensin in small intestin

Question 25

What are some receptors on a macrophage

Answer 25

Toll like receptors, mannose receptors, LPS receptors (CD14) complement receptors, scavenger receptors, glycan receptors

Question 26

TLR4?

Answer 26

Binds to LPS on macrophage surface, sends signals to nucleus to activates genes for inflammatory cytokines

Question 27

TLR3?

Answer 27

inside endosomes in the macrophage, recognize pathogen DNA

Question 28

what are some inflammatory cytokines that are released by dendritic cells and macrophages activated through TLR signaling

Answer 28

IL1, IL6, TNFa, IFNy

Question 29

What are released by infected cells via TLR signaling

Answer 29

IFNa, IFNB which act to prevent other cells around them from getting infected

Question 30

Which cytokines cause fever

Answer 30

IL6, TNFa, IL1B

Question 31

Which increase vascular permeability in endothelium

Answer 31

TNFa, IL1B

Question 32

Which cytokine is responsible for systemic shock

Answer 32

TNFa

Question 33

What does CXCL8 (IL8) do

Answer 33

recruitment of neutrophils and basophils to site of infection

Question 34

What does IL12 do

Answer 34

NK cell activation

Question 35

What does ILB do

Answer 35

Activate lymphocytes, local tissue destruction, fever, increase vascular permeability

Question 36

What does TNFa do

Answer 36

Increase vascular permeability, can cause septic shock, fever, increase mobilization of metabolites

Question 37

What does IL6 do

Answer 37

Fever, induced acute phase protein production by hepatocytes

Question 38

How does shock happen

Answer 38

TNFa release, endothelial cells produce PAF, blood clotting that block off local vessels that prevent infection spread...if bacteria reaches blood, it leads to widespread release of TNFa, systemic edema, vital organ failure, death

Question 39

Tell me about neutrophils

Answer 39

most effective and most abundate pathogen killer. more engulfing diversity and longevity than macrophages