WEEK 1 - HISTO OVERVIEW

Question 1

Within the Extracellular Matrix, which key player has highly developed in ECM?

Answer 1

Connective Tissue

Question 2

Where does the Mesoderm layer locate in? what does it do? What does this layer consists of?

Answer 2

a) Middle layer b/w ecto- and endo-
b) develops mesenchyme
c) - connective tissues
- muscle tissue
- mesothelium (epithelium of serous membranes, lines of body cavities)
- endothelium (epithelium, lines blood vessels, heart, lymphatics)

Question 3

Where does the layer endoderm locate? what does it develop? What are the 4 tracts that are involve?

Answer 3

• inner layer, deep layer
• develop epithelium of mucous membrane
• 4 tracts of epithelial lining deep internal tube:
  (1) digestive tract
  (2) respiratory tract
  (3) urinary tract
  (4) reproductive tract

Question 4

Where does Ectoderm locate? What does this layer consist of?

Answer 4

• outer portion of the skin
• epidermis. consists of cutaneous membrane
• nervous tissue

Question 5

What type of glycoprotein is rich in carbohydrate? Which consists of? What’s the percentage?

Answer 5

proteoglycans that has a protein core with various GAGs. 95%

Question 6

What type of glycoprotein consists of total protein in body? Percentage?

Answer 6

collagen, 50%

Question 7

What tissue contains in young girls? Puberty?

Answer 7

• young: simple cuboidal epithelium

- puberty: stratified squamos epithelium for intercourse and childbirth

Question 8

What is the tissue for smokers? What does the tissue turn out to be when it is irritated by smoking?

Answer 8

• normal: pseudostratified columnar epithelium

- irritatation: stratified squamos epithelium

Question 9

What is the purpose of Connective Tissue? Which matrix does it support?

Answer 9

cells that support other tissues with extracellular matrix

Question 10

What is necrosis?

Answer 10

premature, patholoigcal death of tissue due to trauma, toxins, and infection

Question 11

What does the gylcoprotein, fibronectins, attach to?

Answer 11

cell to ECM collagen and proteoglycans. Bind with the integrin proteins

Question 12

What does Seepage do?

Answer 12

• occurs during inflammation of skin repair

- allows WBC, antibodies, clotting proteins to seep in

Question 13

what does anaplasia develop? what are its two types?

Answer 13

development of a tumor. Composed of abnormal and undiifferentiated tissue.

types:

• benign: noninvasive (semi-diff cells)
• malignant: invasive, cancerous, metastatic

Question 14

What are the 4 types of Necreosis? What kind of description?

Answer 14

• gangrene: necrosis due to insufficient blood supply
• infarction: suddent death of tissue
• decubitus ulcers: bed sores cause a lack of blood supply, due to continiuous pressure on skin
• blebbing: bubbling of cell membranes, cells swep and rupture

Question 15

What are the 4 old classification systems?

Answer 15

Epithelial, Connective, Muscle, Nervous

Question 16

What are the 3 primary layers for Embryonic Tissues?

Answer 16

• Ectoderm
• Mesoderm
• Endoterm

Question 17

What are the 2 types of atrophy? What caused their characteristic?

Answer 17

1) senile atrophy: due to aging

2) disuse atrophy: due to lack of exercise

Question 18

The poorest area to regenerate for tissue are:

Answer 18

skeletal muscle, cartilage, dense CT

Question 19

The highest regenerative area for tissue repair are:

Answer 19

EPI tissues, bone, neuroglia, smooth muscle, loose CT

Question 20

Structural levels of Organizations:

Answer 20

atoms > molecules > cells > tissues > organs > organ systems > organism

Question 21

None of these areas generate tissue repair are:

Answer 21

cardiac muscle, neurons in nervous tissue

Question 22

New Classification system: immune cells

Answer 22

blood cells

Question 23

New Classification system: hormone-secreting cells

Answer 23

nerve cells, epithelial cells

Question 24

New Classification system: contractile cells

Answer 24

supporting cells, epithelial cells

Question 25

Nasal mucosa tissue? Unblocked nostril changes?

Answer 25

- pseudostratified columnar epithelium | - unblocked nostril changes to stratified squamous epithelium

Question 26

most organs are derived from...primary germ layers

Answer 26

> 2

Question 27

Metaplasia definition? examples of metaplasia?

Answer 27

- definition: change from one type of mature tissue to another - vaginal tissue - nasal mucosa - smokers

Question 28

In an inflammation phase of skin repair, the term _____(1) makes the capillaries _____(2), allowing permeability to increase to _____(3) to seep into the injured area

Answer 28

(1) histamine (2) dilate (3) WBC, proteins, and antibodies

Question 29

hypertrophy

Answer 29

cells become enlarged through exercise

Question 30

hyperplasia? which part of life grows in? what about in adults?

Answer 30

tissue growth through cell multiplication. - typical of embryonic and childhood growth - in adults this can lead dysplasia, metaplasia, and anaplasia

Question 31

Extracellular Matrix (ECM) - outside cells of primary tissues that made of ______ (1) - fluids: ______ (2)

Answer 31

(1) ground substance | (2) tissue fluid/gel, extracellular fluid, interstitial fluid

Question 32

During the process of skin reparation, what does these specific characters do? - blood capillaries -> _____ (1) - macrophage -> ________ (2) - fibroblasts -> _______ (3) - epithelium -> _______ (4)

Answer 32

(1) start to enter (2) digest and remove clot (3) make collagen fibers to scar tissues (4) regenerates

Question 33

During skin repair, what components are involved in skin repair?

Answer 33

- histamine, seepage, clotting/scabbing

Question 34

Difference b/w regeneration and fibrosis?

Answer 34

Regeneration: destroyed tissue REPLACED with same tissue type Fibrosis: replacement of damage tissue with SCAR TISSUE in severe cuts, burns, muscle injury, and Tuberculosis in lungs

Question 35

characteristics of nervous tissue? what are its features?

Answer 35

- cells that conduct impulses for control of other cells - neurons: cell impulse conduction - neuroglia: neuron support cells

Question 36

characteristics of muscle tissue?

Answer 36

- contractile properties for body movement - skeletal m: voluntary movement - smooth m: involuntary movement - cardiac m: circulatory movement

Question 37

characteristics of epithelial tissue?

Answer 37

- cells that form sheets to protect and secrete - coverings: cutaneous membrane - linings: serous and mucous membranes - solid glands: secreting the glands

Question 38

characteristics of CT?

Answer 38

- cells that support other tissues with ECM - CT proper: traditional CTs - cartilage: CT intermediate with CT proper and bone - bone: CT in solid ECM - blood: CT in fluid ECM

Question 39

apotosis? what are its features?

Answer 39

- programmed cell death to control cell populations features: - fas receptor protein - growth factor - digit webbing - ear lobes

Question 40

fas receptor protein

Answer 40

binds to extracellular suicide signal, which activates intracellular enzymes to destroy cell

Question 41

What are the tissue development and pathology?

Answer 41

Differentiation, dysplasia, metaplasia,

Question 42

What does differentiation do?

Answer 42

Develops unspecialized tissue to a tissue that is more specialized (differentiated)

Question 43

In the old approach of classifications, what are the 3 tissues?

Answer 43

Epithelia, nerves, muscles

Question 44

In the old approach of classifications, what does epithelia associated with?

Answer 44

Associated with CT in epithelial membranes

Question 45

In the old approach of classifications, what does nerves contain?

Answer 45

contain blood vessels and CT

Question 46

In the old approach of classifications, what does the muscles contain ?

Answer 46

nerves, blood vessels, CT