Week 1 - Injury Definitions & Negative Impact on Team/Individual Performance

Question 1

Injury definition (Bahr et al. 2020)

Answer 1

tissue damage or other derangement of normal physical function due to participation in sports, resulting from rapid or repetitive transfer of kinetic energy

damage specifically relating to physical function

Question 2

What are the 4 classification of tissue?

Answer 2

Nervous
Epithelial (cover body surfaces eg. organs)
Muscle
Connective (tendons, ligaments etc. made of collagen and elastin)

Question 3

Acute Injury definition

Answer 3

Rapid, sudden onset
Specific identifiable incident during which the injury happened (eg. sprinter stops with hamstring (muscle tissue trauma))

Question 4

Repetitive Injury Definition

Answer 4

Can be sudden or gradual in onset

Question 5

Sudden repetitive injury example

Answer 5

Gymnast landing, tibial and fibular fracture due to pre-existing bone stress fractures
Sudden onset injury precipitated by repetitive strain resulting in break down of bone tissue

Question 6

Gradual repetitive injury example

Answer 6

Swimmer with rotator cuff tendinopathy (gradual increase in shoulder pain)
gradual increase in severity of pain over season due to connective tissue damage

Question 7

Tendon definition

Answer 7

Connects muscle to bone
Muscle exerts force through the tendon to move bone

Question 8

Physical Complaint definition (Fuller et al., 2006)

Answer 8

Any physical complaint sustained by a player that results from a football match/training session irrespective of the need for medical attention or time-loss from activities

Question 9

Medical Attention Injury definition (Fuller et al., 2006)

Answer 9

An injury that results in a player receiving medical attention

Question 10

Time-Loss Injury definition (Fuller et al., 2006)

Answer 10

An injury that results in a player being unable to take a full part in a future football training session or match (not all medical-attention injuries are time-loss injuries)

Question 11

Bone Injury Grades

Answer 11

1 to 4
1 = least severe
4 = most severe

Question 12

Physical Complaint Example

Answer 12

Middle distance runner in warm weather training gets cramping sensation 3rd day of week-long training programme - 1 mile left to run - stops with cramp, stretches, finishes run

Question 13

Medical-Attention Example

Answer 13

Basketball player lands and ankle gives way - trainer performs clinical assessment of ankle during time out - happy for player to continue so player participated in rest of match

Question 14

Time-Loss Example

Answer 14

Footballer incurred contusion to right thigh (blunt force to thigh) - assessed and diagnosed with acute quadriceps contusion - could not play in match-day training session and was not included in the squad that night

Question 15

Match Time-Loss Injury vs Training Time Loss Injury

Answer 15

Results in only missing training session vs results in losing match time as result of injury

Question 16

Key Points from the Barcelona FC and Messi Case Study

Answer 16

Injuries (especially to ‘star’ players) can have a negative impact on team performance.
Lower average goals per game when Messi was injured (contact traumatic injury in ankle joint)

Question 17

What is the 3rd most common injury in professional football in Europe?

Answer 17

Lateral Ankle Sprain

Question 18

What did the Barcelona FC and Messi Study illustrate?

Answer 18

Injuries to a player can have a negative impact on team performance (lower average goals scored when Messi injured)

Question 19

What injury did Messi sustain?

Answer 19

Contact ankle joint injury - defender made contact with inner ankle and it rolled on outside - lateral ankle sprain

Question 20

Injury Burden definition

Answer 20

The measure of severity of an injury (severe = high injury burden, not severe = low injury burden)

Question 21

Injury Incidence definition

Answer 21

No. of injuries that occur over a period of time

Question 22

Hagglund et al (2013) football study - what did did it highlight?

Answer 22

Higher Injury Incidence, Higher Injury Burden and Lower Player Availability all have a negative impact on team performance.
High injury burden and low match availability = lower rank.
Low injury burden, Low injury incidence and high match availability = increased average points per game.
Low injury burden and and high match availability = higher final league ranking.

Question 23

Hagglund et al. (2013) - what happened with Leicester City?

Answer 23

Won the premiership as had lowest injury burden and highest match availability

Question 24

Hagglund et al. (2013) what do the findings from this study suggest?

Answer 24

Stress the importance of injury prevention to increase a team’s chance of success

Question 25

What does the Poulsen et al (2019) study highlight - knee

Answer 25

ACL and meniscus injuries can increase the odds of developing osteoarthritis in your knee. ACL = 4.2 times more likely Meniscus = 6.3 times more likely ACL and Meniscus = 6.4 times more likely Need to design prevention programme so do not get injury - protect players long-term health

Question 26

Meniscus

Answer 26

Rings of cartilage in your knee joint Medial = inside of joint Lateral = outside of joint

Question 27

Michael Owens Injury

Answer 27

ACL rupture - out for long time - non-contact - threat of post-traumatic knee joint arthritis