WEEK 1: Intro to Para

Question 1

• “ living together”
• Involves protection or other advantages to one or both partners
• Association of two species, perhaps primarily for food getting on the part of one or both members of the group

Answer 1

symbosis

Question 2

What are the types of symbiotic association?

Answer 2

phoresis, commensalism, mutualism, and parasitism

Question 3

what are the 2 loose associations?

Answer 3

phoresis and commensalism

Question 4

what are the 2 intimate associations?

Answer 4

mutualism and parasitism

Question 5

• means “to carry.”
• a type of symbiotic relationship in which one organism (the smaller phoront) is mechanically carried on or in another species (host).

Answer 5

phoresis

Question 6

• Means “eating at the same table”
• Occurs when one member of the associating pair, usually the smaller, receives all the benefit and the other member is neither benefited nor harmed

Answer 6

commensalism

Question 7

• Occurs when each member of the association benefits the other
• Mutuals are metabolically dependent on one another; one cannot survive in the absence of the other
• Often included as a special subcategory of mutualism is cleaning symbiosis

Answer 7

mutualism

Question 8

Is the relationship in which one of the participants, the parasite, either harms its host or in some sense lives at the expense of the host.

Answer 8

parasitism

Question 9

para : ________
sitos : ________

Answer 9

para : beside
sitos : grain or food

Question 10

example of commensalism

Answer 10

Entamoeba coli

Question 11

example of mutualism

Answer 11

Trichonimpha

Question 12

What are mechanical injuries that parasites may cause?

Answer 12

• Boring a hole into the host or digging into its skin or other tissues
• Stimulate a damaging inflammatory or immune response
• Or simply rob the host of nutrition

Question 13

What are the classifications of parasites?

Answer 13

A. According to Habitat
B. According to Effects to the Host
C. According to Modes of Living

Question 14

parasite lives on the surface of its host

Answer 14

ectoparasite (infestation)

Question 15

• parasite lives on the internal of its host
• parasite living within the host

Answer 15

endoparasite (infection)

Question 16

found in an organ which is not its usual habitat

Answer 16

erratic

Question 17

What are the two classification of parasite according to effects to the host?

Answer 17

pathogenic and non pathogenic

Question 18

They cannot complete their life cycle without spending at least part of the time in parasitic relationship.

Answer 18

obligate parasites

Question 19

Are not normally parasitic but can become so when they are accidentally eaten or enter a wound or other body orifice.

Answer 19

Facultative Parasite

Question 20

Establishes itself in the host wherein it does not ordinary live

Answer 20

accidental pr incidental parasite

Question 21

Remains on the host in entire life

Answer 21

permanent parasite

Question 22

Free living. Seek its host to obtain nourishment then go.

Answer 22

temporary or intermittent parasite

Question 23

Free living and passes out without infecting the host

Answer 23

spurious / coprozoic

Question 24

example of obligate parasite

Answer 24

pinworms

Question 25

example pf facultative parasite

Answer 25

acantamoeba

Question 26

example pf accidental or incidental parasite

Answer 26

Dipylidium caninum

Question 27

example of spurious / coprozoic

Answer 27

Entamoeba

Question 28

Discoverer of Ginidia lamblia

Answer 28

Dr. Giard and Dr. Lamble

Question 29

What are the 6 roles of life cycle?

Answer 29

1. final/ definitive 2. intermediate 3. reservoir 4. natural 5. accidental 6. paratenic

Question 30

- Continuity cycle - Additional source of infection

Answer 30

reservoir

Question 31

Natural host of parasite

Answer 31

natural

Question 32

Not usually found

Answer 32

accidental

Question 33

Parasite will not develop but still remains alive

Answer 33

paratenic

Question 34

example of reservoir

Answer 34

Balantidium coli (human - definitive host, pigs - reservoir)

Question 35

Responsible transmitting parasite to host

Answer 35

vector

Question 36

Involve in the life cycle of the parasite.

Answer 36

biological (vector)

Question 37

Transports the parasite

Answer 37

mechanical (vector)

Question 38

example pf mechanical vector

Answer 38

flies

Question 39

example of biological vector

Answer 39

Anopheles mosquito

Question 40

Positive in particular parasite but will not manifest the signs and symptoms

Answer 40

carrier

Question 41

once it was inoculated

Answer 41

exposure

Question 42

(Incubation Period) exposed to signs and symptoms

Answer 42

clinical

Question 43

(Incubation Period) specimen becomes positive

Answer 43

biological

Question 44

own source of infection

Answer 44

autoinfection

Question 45

previously infected individual is further infected again with the same species

Answer 45

hyper infection / super infection

Question 46

What are the factors affecting transmission of parasites?

Answer 46

1. Source of Infection 2. Mode of Transmission and Portal of Entry 3. Presence of Susceptible Host 4. Successful entry of the infective stage

Question 47

What are the sources of exposure to infection?

Answer 47

•Soil Transmitted Group •Snail Transmitted Group •Arthropod Transmitted Group •Contact Transmitted Group (Person to another person)

Question 48

What are the possible modes of transmission?

Answer 48

1.Oral- most common 2.Penetration of the skin and mucus membrane 3.Sexual Contact 4.Transplacental 5.Inhalation

Question 49

example of hyper infection or super infection

Answer 49

Strongyloides stercolasis

Question 50

example parasite obtained from snail transmitted group

Answer 50

Schistosoma spp.

Question 51

example parasite obtained from anthropod transmitted group

Answer 51

Plasmodia

Question 52

example parasite obtained from contact transmitted group

Answer 52

Trichomonas vaginalis

Question 53

only one host (Definitive Host)

Answer 53

simple

Question 54

Definitive and Intermediate Host

Answer 54

complex / complicated