Week 1 Introduction and SDOH Flashcards
Social determinants of health (SDOH)
definition
Braveman et al 2011
social (including
economic) factors with
important direct or
indirect effects on
health
Downstream social
determinants
Braveman et al 2011
factors
that are temporally and
spatially close to health
effects (and hence
relatively apparent),
but are influenced by
upstream factors
Upstream social
determinants
Braveman et al 2011
fundamental causes
that set in motion
causal pathways
leading to (often
temporally and
spatially distant) health
effects through
downstream factors
how is educational linked with health?
Braveman et al 2011
Health knowledge, literacy, and behaviors
work
sense of social standing
social support
Pathways through which Social Factors Shape Health
Braveman et al 2011
Neighborhood conditions
Working conditions
Education
Income, wealth
Race, racism
Health Effects of Social Factors longitudinal
Braveman et al 2011
across lifetimes
-socioeconomic conditions in childhood become embedded in bodies, determining developmental capacities
AND
across generations
-partly epigenetic
-complex relationships between upstream social factors that play out over long periods of time
Health inequality
Kawachi et al 2002
used to
designate differences, variations, and disparities
in the health achievements of individuals and
groups. A straightforward example of health
inequality is higher incidence of disease X in
group A as compared with group B of population
P
Health inequity
Kawachi et al 2002
refers to those inequalities in health that are deemed to be unfair or stemming
from some form of injustice (normative and political dimension)
socioeconomic gradient in health
refers to the worse health
of those who are at a lower level of socioeconomic position— whether measured by income, occupational grade, or educational attainment—even those who are already in relatively
high socioeconomic groups
relative income hypothesis
Kawachi et al 2002
asserts that health depends not
just on one’s own level of income, but also on the incomes of
others in society. At any given level of income, the hypothesis
states that an individual’s health status depends on the rank
within the income distribution that is bestowed upon the
individual by her level of income, and/or the distance between
her income and the average income
