Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Block 1 > Week 1 Monday > Flashcards

Week 1 Monday Flashcards

- anatomy 1 and 2 - cbb 1 and 2 - micro 1 (76 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

functions of skin

A
  • protection
  • containment (protects from dehydration)
  • thermoregulation
  • sensation
  • metabolic activity (fat storage)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

epidermis

A
  • avascular
  • replaced every 25-45 days
  • five layers
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

skin ligaments

A

attach dermis to underlying deep fascia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

major burn

A
  • > 10% of body with 3rd degree burns

- > 25% of body with 2nd degree burns

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

free nerve endings

A

senses pain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Merkel cells

A

sense touch and texture

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Pacinian corpuscle

A

senses vibration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Krause end bulb

A

senses temperature

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Meissner’s corpuscle

A

senses fine touch

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Ruffini corpuscle

A

senses pressure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

lymphedema

A

accumulation of interstitial fluid (leaked from capillaries)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

types of CT

A
  • loose
  • dense regular
  • dense irregular
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

loose CT

A

found in hypodermis of skin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

dense regular CT

A

found in tendons and ligaments

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

dense irregular CT

A

found in dermis and organ capsules

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

5 P’s of Compartment Syndrome

A
  • pain
  • pallor
  • pressure (increase)
  • pulse (decrease, absence)
  • parasthesia
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

fasciotomy

A
  • treatment for compartment syndrome

- restores blood flow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Compartment Syndrome

A
  • internal bleeding between fascia leading to increased pressure
  • shin splints = mild
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

RUQ

A
  • liver
  • gallbladder
  • most of duodenum
  • ascending colon
  • proximal transverse colon
  • right kidney
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

LUQ

A
  • some of liver
  • stomach
  • spleen
  • distal transverse colon
  • descending colon
  • left kidney
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

RLQ

A
  • cecum

- appendix

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

LLQ

A
  • descending colon

- sigmoid colon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

planes of quadrants

A
  • median

- transumbilical

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

nine regions

A
  • right hypochondriac
  • epigastric
  • left hypochondriac
  • right lumbar
  • umbilical
  • left lumbar
  • right inguinal
  • pubic
  • left inguinal
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
large bony elevations
- process - epicondyle - trochanter - tuberosity
26
small bony elevations
- protuberance - tubercle - spine
27
functions of water
- moves nutrients through GI tract - acts as solvent for minerals and nutrients - maintains body temperature (sweat, respiration) - flushes waste (urination) - absorbs shock - lubricates joints
28
blood pH
- 7.4 | - slightly basic
29
type 1 diabetic acidosis
- due to accumulation of ketone bodies | - lower pH than normal
30
strong acids
- HCl - H2SO4 - HNO3
31
weak acids
- lactic acid | - ketone bodies
32
Henderson-Hasselbach equation
- estimates pH of buffer solution | - determines amount of acid and conjugate base needed
33
acid production per day
13-22 moles
34
major source of acid in blood
- carbon dioxide -> carbonic acid
35
mechanisms of maintaining blood pH
- lungs: expiration of CO2 - kidneys: excretion of ammonium - buffer systems: hemoglobin, bicarb, phosphate
36
metabolic acidosis
- decrease in pH due to decrease in bicarbonate - excessive amount of acid in body that kidney cannot get rid of - compensation: increased CO2 due to hyperventilation - usually seen with diabetic ketoacidosis
37
respiratory acidosis
- decrease in pH due to accumulation of CO2 - lungs deficient in exhalation - compensation: increased renal excretion of H+ and reabsorption of HCO3- - usually seen in patients with asthma, COPD, sleep apnea
38
metabolic alkalosis
- increase in pH due to elevated bicarbonate - can be caused by vomiting, diuretics, and laxatives - compensation: decreased CO2 due to hypoventilation (seen as depressed HR)
39
respiratory alkalosis
- increase in pH due to decrease of CO2 in blood - caused by alveolar hyperventilation - compensation: reduction of renal excretion of H+ and reabsorption of HCO3- - commonly seen in patients with liver disease or anxiety
40
anion gap
- difference between cations and anions measured in solution | - normal: 8-20 mEq/L
41
disorders that cause high anion gap
- diabetes type 1 - heart failure - prolonged lack of oxygen - MUDPILES - indicates metabolic acidosis
42
disorders that have normal anion gap
- diarrhea: loss of bicarbonate is compensated for by increase of chloride ions - HARDASS - indicates metabolic acidosis
43
disorders that cause low anion gap
- hypoalbuminemia: loss of albumin is compensated for by retention of chloride and bicarbonate ions
44
characteristics of viruses
- DNA or RNA - no nucleus - intracellular - some are enveloped
45
characteristics of bacteria
- prokaryotes - 70S ribosome - intracellular OR extracellular - replicate by binary fission - no nucleus - peptidoglycan in cell wall - plasma membrane
46
characteristics of fungi
- eukaryotes - 80s ribosome - can be unicellular (yeast, mold) or dimorphic - intracellular OR extracellular - replicate by meiosis - nucleus and membrane bound organelles - complex carb-cell wall - plasma membrane with ergosterol
47
characteristics of parasites
- eukaryotes - extracellular - replicate by meiosis - nucleus and membrane bound organelles - plasma membrane with sterol
48
Koch's postulate
- identified in every case of disease - isolated from host and grown in vitro - cultured and reproduced in healthy host - recovered from experimental host
49
first encounter of normal flora
birth
50
sterile tissues
- blood - CSF - synovial fluid - deep tissues
51
areas of normal flora
- skin - respiratory tract - digestive tract - urinary tract
52
roles of normal flora
- primary immunity - physical occupancy: keep out invaders - secrete antibiotics - maintain healthy environmental factors - synthesize vitamin K and biotin
53
AMP
antimicrobial peptides
54
backbone of amino acid
- amino group - carbon - carboxylic acid group
55
How can you increase solubility of a compound?
- add O and N
56
How can you decrease solubility of a compound?
- add H and C
57
non-polar AA
- glycine - leucine - alanine - valine - isoleucine - phenylalanine - tryptophan - methionine - proline - outside of proteins in fat - inside proteins in water
58
tryptophan
- non-polar AA with nitrogen group | - precursor for serotonin
59
methionine
- non-polar AA with sulfur group - sometimes said to be polar - methyl group donor
60
branched chain AA
- isoleucine - valine - leucine - need a-keto acid dehydrogenase to catabolize
61
Maple Syrup Urine Disease
- deficiency in branched chain a-keto acid dehydrogenase - accumulation of branched-chain AA (V, L, I) - can cause neurotoxicity
62
phenylalanine
- non polar AA | - usually converted into tyrosine by phenylalanine hydroxylase
63
Phenylketonuria
- deficiency in phenylalanine hydroxylase - accumulation of F/deficiency of T - can cause neurotoxicity
64
glycine
- non-polar AA - smallest R-group - makes up collagen (Gly, X, Y repeating)
65
Osteogenesis Imperfecta
- condition in which bones are fragile | - caused by mutation of collagen repeating structure: glycine is substituted by bulkier AA
66
proline
- non-polar AA - R group bonded with its amino group - plays a structural role - can interfere with secondary structures
67
uncharged polar AA
- serine - threonine - tyrosine - asparagine - glutamine - cysteine
68
acidic AA
- aspartate | - glutamate
69
basic AA
- lysine - arginine - SOMETIMES histidine
70
AA with hydroxyl groups that can be phosphorylated
- serine - threonine - tyrosine
71
cysteine
- uncharged polar AA | - can form disulfide bonds and increase strength
72
tyrosine
- uncharged polar AA | - precursor for dopamine, epinephrine, and norepinephrine
73
asparagine
- uncharged polar AA | - has amide group that can form an N-link
74
AA that can form O-linkage
- serine | - threonine
75
histones
- positively charged proteins | - contain lots of lysine and arginine
76
histidine
- precursor for histamine

Block 1 (1 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions