Week 1 Proficiency Exam Flashcards
(25 cards)
Albuterol
- treats asthma & COPD
- short acting (residue medication)
- can be administered by metered-dose inhalers (MDI) or by nebulizers
Alprazolam (xanax)
- treats anxiety and panic disorder
- treats episodes on an as needed basis (PRN)
- adverse effects: CNS depression
Benztropine (Cogentin)
An anticholinergic drug used to treat Parkinsons disease
Donepezil (Aricept)
Improved cognitive function in patients with mild to moderate Alzheimers disease
Hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ)
- Diuretic
- monitor: BP, I&O, daily weight
- administer in morning
- can cause hypokalemia (<3.5mEq/L)
Hydrocodone (Lortab)
- moderate to strong opioid agonist
- can cause respiratory depression, constipation, urinary retention
Hydromorphone (Dilaudid)
- strong opioid agonist
- 7 - 10 on pain scale
- adverse effects: respiratory depression, constipation, urinary retention
Insulin
- only NPH insulin is appropriate for mixing with rapid/short acting insulin
- know which drug has a rapid regular, intermediate, and long-acting onset/duration
Lisinopril (Prinivil, Zestril)
- adverse effects: persistent, dry & nonproductive cough - inform HCP, first-dose hypotension
- treats hypertension, heart failure
Lithium Carbonate (Eskalith)
- drug of choice for controlling acute manic episodes in pts with BPD and for long-term prophylaxis against recurrence of mania or depression
- signs of toxicity: serious ECG changes, severe hypotension, coma, death
Lorazepam (Ativan)
Treats: alcohol withdrawal, or anesthesia induction (amnesia)
- decreases risk of seizures in alcoholic pts
Low molecular weight heparin (LMWH, Lovenox)
- given sub-Q ; do not express the bubble prior to administration
- in event of overdose, give protamine sulfate
Metronidazole (Flagyl)
- C. Diff (bactorial infections)
- infusions must be done slowly (over a 1-hour span)
- leaves metallic taste in mouth
Metoprolol (Lopressor)
- hypertension
- can cause rebound cardiac excitation following abrupt withdrawal
- assess HR and BP before administering
- if HR <60 or <90/60 hold medicine and notify HCP
Morphine sulfate
- strong opioid analgesics
- can cause respiratory depression, constipation, urinary retention
Nifedipine (Adalat CC, procardia)
- treats hypertension
- withhold if HR less than 60 and SBP<90
- high risk of falls
Pantoprazole (Protonix)
- used to treat gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)
- pts may have increased risk of pneumonia due to elevation of gastric pH
- long-term therapy may pose a risk hypocalcemia as well as osteoporosis and fractures
Paroxetine (Paxil)
- treats major depression — obsessive-compulsive disorder — post-traumatic stress disorder
- monitor for hypotension, dizziness, drowsiness
Prednisolone (Prednisone)
- produce anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive effects
- in high doses they are used to treat asthma or rheumotoid arthritis
- contraindicated for patients with systemic fungal infections and for those receiving live virus vaccines
- can increase plasma glucose levels - watch for hyperglycemia
- monitor pts for signs and symptoms of fluid retention
- monitor s/s of infections and notify HCP (healthcare provider)
Quetiapine (Seroquel)
Indicated for
- schizophrenia
- Major depression
- manic episodes for bipolar pts, with acute episodes of mania
Risperidone (Risperdal)
Indications
- autism spectrum disorder in children
- for geriatric pts with depression, risperdal increases risk for stroke and death from cardiac events
Simvastatin (Zocor)
Adverse effects
- muscle pain/weakness, hepatotoxicity
- monitor for Rhabdomyolysis - Muscle pain, increased Creatine kinase levels
- monitor LFT’s
Valproic Acid (Depakote)
Indications
- Major seizure types
- migraine headache
- bipolar disorder
- Monitor blood levels of medication
Venlafaxine (Effexor)
Indications: Major depression
Adverse effects
- anorexia
- insomnia
- weight loss
