Week 1 Sect 4A-B Life Cycle

Question 1

Infant caloric needs?

Answer 1

80-120 calories per kg (2.2 lbs) of body weight

Question 2

Recommended protein intake from birth up to 6
months?
From 6-12 months?

Answer 2

From birth up to 6 mos averages 2.2 g/kg of body weight
6-12 months = 1.6 g/kg body weight

No specific recommended intake level of fats

Question 3

When are the first foods such as baby cereal recommended?

When are solid foods recommended?

Answer 3

First foods such as baby cereal, is recommended at
6 months.
Solid foods are generally not recommended before
9-12 months of age.

Question 4

Low-Birthweight infants (LBW) =?
Very Low Birthweight Infant (VLBW)=?
Extremely Low Birthweight Infant (ELBW) =?

Answer 4

Low-Birthweight infants (LBW) - <5lb 8 oz. at birth
— Very Low Birthweight Infant (VLBW) - <3 lb 5 oz.
— Extremely Low Birthweight Infant (ELBW) – 2 lb 3
oz. at birth

Question 5

Growth patterns are best represented by ?

Answer 5

Growth patterns are best represented by velocity curves (the rate of growth over time).
— The major growth phases are infancy (0 to 2 years),
childhood (2-10 years) & puberty (10 to 12 years).

Question 6

Recumbent length and when to use?

Answer 6

Recumbent length – measurement of length while
the child is lying down. Used to measure toddlers
<24 mos & those btwn 24 & 36 mos who are
unable to stand unassisted.

Question 7

What are DRI’s?

Answer 7

Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs) = Quantitative
estimates of nutrient intakes, used as reference
values for assessing the diets of healthy people. DRIs
include RDAs, AIs, UL & EER.

Question 8

DRI =
RDA=
AI = 
UL=
EER = 
REE =

Answer 8

DRI = Dietary Reference Intakes
RDA = Recommended dietary allowances
AI = Adequate Intakes
UL= Upper limit
EER = Estimated energy requirements
REE = Resting energy expenditure (same as BMR/RMR resting metabolic rate)

Question 9

In children,
Overweight=
Obesity=

Answer 9

In children,
Overweight= BMI -for age between 85th-95th percentiles
Obesity= Greater or equal to 95%

Question 10

Common problems in child & preadolescent nutrition

Answer 10

1. Iron deficiency
2. Dental caries
3. Overweight & obesity (18% 6-11 y/o; ‘08-’09)

Question 11

Recommended fiber intakes:

Answer 11

Men: 19-50 = 38
          > 51 = 31
Women: 19-50 = 25
               > 51 = 21
Children: 1-3 = 19
                4-8 = 25
Girls:  9-18 = 26
Boys : 9-13 = 31
           14-18 = 38

• Rec for fiber intake = 25g of dietary fiber for a 2000 kcal diet (14g fiber per 1000 kcal)
• Greater than 50g may be excessive

Question 12

Leading causes of death in adults:

Answer 12

1. Cancer
2. Heart disease
3. Stroke
4. Diabetes
5. Liver disease

Question 13

Acceptable Macro nutrient Recommendations:

Answer 13

— Fat 20-35% of calories
— Carbohydrate 45-65% of calories
— Protein 10-35% of calories

Question 14

BMR calculator using Mifflin – St. Joer Energy Estimation Formula

Answer 14

M: REE = (10 X wt) + (6.25 X ht) – (5 X age) + 5
F: REE = (10 X wt) + (6.25 X ht) – (5 X age) - 161

Question 15

Total energy expenditure=

Resting energy expenditure=

Answer 15

TEE = Resting energy expenditure + thermal effect of activity
REE = resting energy expenditure = Basal energy expenditure + thermal effect of food + energy requirements of growth

Question 16

BMR calculator using Harris-Benedict formula***

Answer 16

M: REE (kcal/day) = 66.47 + 13.75W + 5.0H - 6.76A
F: REE = 655.10 + 9.56W +1.85H - 4.68A

W= body weight in kg (2.2 lbs=1 kg)
H=height in cm (1 in =2.54 cm)
A= age in years

Question 17

Simple REE formula

Answer 17

20-25 kcal/kg body weight

Question 18

What nutrient deficiencies are elderly at high risk for?

Answer 18

Calcium, iron, magnesium, folate, thiamin (B1), riboflavin
(B2), pyridoxine (B6) & cyanocobalmin (B12),
vitamin C & vitamin D. As well as calories.

Recommendations for vitamin A may be set too high. Calcium, B2, B6, B12 should be increased.

Physiological changes that lead to malnutrition are
decreased absorption of vitamins D & B12 &
increased storage form of vitamin A & iron

Question 19

The digestive system during infancy can be accurately
described by which statement?
a. GI problems often interfere with health & growth in
young infants.
b. The digestive tract is not completely developed for
digestion for months after birth.
c. Infant stools change based on the ability of the
intestinal villa to absorb nutrients.
d. Regarding hunger & satiety cues, parenting skills
to read them develop more slowly than the infants’
skills to give them.

Answer 19

d. Regarding hunger & satiety cues, parenting skills
to read them develop more slowly than the
infants’ skills to give them.

Question 20

What factors make nutritional requirements higher for
an infant now 8 months of age who was born at 29
weeks gestation?
a. Being born so early resulted in less body fat &
nutrient reserves.
b. The persistence of newborn reflexes.
c. More frequent illnesses due to the immaturity of
the immune system.
d. The immaturity of the GI tract lessens nutrient
absorption

Answer 20

a. Being born so early resulted in less body fat &

nutrient reserves.

Question 21

True or False :
According to food consumption surveys,
young children exceed estimated needs for
calories.

Answer 21

True

Question 22

The best predictor of energy needs during
adolescence is:
a. Chronologic age
b. Change in body weight
c. Increase in height
d. Muscle growth

Answer 22

c. Increase in height

Question 23

How many lbs in 1 kg?

How many cm in 1 inch?

Answer 23

2.2 lbs = 1 kg

1 in = 2.54 cm

Question 24

The recommended first line of treatment for an underweight woman with amenorrhea who is wanting to start a family is to:
A. start exercising
B. Gain weight
C. see a health care provider to obtain a medical prescription that helps with fertility
D. None of the above

Answer 24

B. Gain weight

Question 25

Which of the following factors would not be related to infertility in women? A. a high alcohol intake B. Excessive exercise C. A strict vegan diet D. Having the flu virus and not eating for a day

Answer 25

D. Having the flu virus and not eating for a day

Question 26

The 3 components of the female athlete triad are: A. anemia, anorexia, and osteoporosis B. Amenorrhea, anemia, and anorexia C. Amenorrhea, disordered eating and osteoporosis D. disordered eating, osteoporosis, and infertility

Answer 26

C. Amenorrhea, disordered eating and osteoporosis

Question 27

``` The recommended daily intake of folic acid for all women who may become pregnant is: A. 40 mcg B. 40 mg C. 400 mcg D. 400 mg E. 400 g ```

Answer 27

C. 400 mcg

Question 28

Judy has been suffering from depression, breast tenderness, muscle pain, anxiety, and headaches for the past 2 months, it is likely that she is suffering from: A. polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) B. prementrual syndrom (PMS) C. premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) D. dysmenorrhea E. Celica

Answer 28

C. premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD)

Question 29

``` A symptom NOT related to PCOS is: A. insulin resistance B. Amenorrhea C. Infertility D. low testosterone levels ```

Answer 29

D. low testosterone levels

Question 30

A pregnant woman in the anabolic phase of pregnancy A. Has increased appetite B. notices a significant (>1 lb/week) weight gain C. is not hungry and eats less because nutrients aren’t needed until the catabolic phase D. has decreased exercise tolerance E. both A and D.

Answer 30

E. both A and D.

Question 31

After 4 years of experiencing amenorrhea, Tonya seeks medical care to help her become pregnant. She is conviinced that her lack of menstrual periods is the cause of her infertility. Tonya’s height is 5’5” and weight is 107 lbs, which she has maintained for 4 years (she previously weighed 125 lbs). Her FSH and LH levels are both abnormally low and she is not ovulating. When the importance and methods of weight gain are explained to her, Tonya agrees to gain some weight. After she gains 7 pounds, her LH level is normal but her FSH level is still low and the luteal phase of her cycle is abnormally short. When her weight reaches 119 lbs, Tonya’s LH and FSH levels, ovulation and menstrual cycles are normal. Q. What could be some reasons Tonya isn’t ovulating? Q: What likely happened to Tonya’s average estrogen level when her weight decreased from 121 to 107 lbs? Q. what are 2 likely reasons Tonya was advised to gain weight to improve her chances of conception rather than being given Clomid or another ovulating inducing drugs?

Answer 31

Q. What could be some reasons Tonya isn’t ovulating? - loss of body fat and alterations in reproductive hormone levels that are sensitive to body fat content. Q: What likely happened to Tonya’s average estrogen level when her weight decreased from 121 to 107 lbs? It likely decreased Q. what are 2 likely reasons Tonya was advised to gain weight to improve her chances of conception rather than being given Clomid or another ovulating inducing drugs? Fertility enhancing drugs may not induce ovulation in underweight women; becoming pregnant while underweight increases the likelihood of adverse pregnancy outcomes; and the initial treatment approach recommended for weight related amenorrhea is weight gain

Question 32

``` Tammy is a 32 year old woman entering her 13th week of pregnancy. She is vegan, started the pregnancy at normal weight, has gained 3 lbs so far and has no history of iron or other nutrient deficiency and is experiencing a normal course of pregnancy. She’s been a vegan since she was a teenager, but is worried that her baby may not be getting the nutrients she or he needs. She wears sunscreen daily. She also makes sure to combine plan sources of protein every day. Here are results from her dietary analysis: 2240 kcal per day Protein: 71 grams per day Linoleic acid: 15.2 g ALA: .54 G b12: 2.1mcg vitamin D: 120 Ius zinc: 15mg Q: is she getting enough protein? Q: What nutrients seem to be low in her diet to support pregnancy? ```

Answer 32

Q: is she getting enough protein? The RDA for protein for pregnant adult women is 71grams/day, but Ms. L needs about 30% more protein than that because all of her protein sources are from plants Q: What nutrients seem to be low in her diet to support pregnancy? n-3 fatty acids, vitamin B12, and vitamin D intakes maybe low.